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漢德百科全書 | 汉德百科全书
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1972 wurden in der UdSSR erste Überlegungen über eine wirksame Gegenmaßnahme zu den westlichen F-15 und F-16 angestellt. Im Laufe dieses Prozesses wurden die Entwürfe von Suchoi und MiG für die Prototypenphase ausgewählt. Die MiG-29 ist dabei das Flugzeug für die Frontstreitkräfte, das unter Feldbedingungen auf unbefestigten Startplätzen einsatzfähig sein muss. Es hatte die Aufgabe, die Streitkräfte direkt zu unterstützen. Dies schloss auch die direkte Verteidigung von Flugplätzen oder Städten ein. Ferner wurde die Bekämpfung von Marschflugkörpern zumindest vorgesehen.
Am 6. Oktober 1977 flog der erste Prototyp der MiG-29; am Steuerknüppel saß MiG-Cheftestpilot Alexander Fedotow.
Bald folgten weitere Prototypen und die erfahrenen Testpiloten hatten kaum Schwierigkeiten mit dem neuen Jäger. Dennoch traten einige Probleme auf, die Änderungen notwendig machten. Zum einen musste das Bugfahrwerk nach hinten verlegt werden, da die Tests ergaben, dass bei Start oder Landung aufgewirbelte Fremdkörper die Schutztore der Lufteinläufe durchschlagen und die Triebwerke zerstören konnten. Weiterhin wurden unterhalb der Seitenleitwerke kleine Stabilisierungsflossen installiert, um Richtungsstabilität und Trudelverhalten zu verbessern. Nach der Optimierung der Seitenruder konnte ab 1984 auf diese Flossen wieder verzichtet werden. Eine letzte Änderung betraf die Bewaffnung. Die GScha-30-Doppelrohrkanone wurde gegen die einläufige GScha-301 ersetzt, was eine Masseeinsparung von 50 % ergab. Insgesamt flogen alle 14 Prototypen über 2500 Stunden, wobei zwei Maschinen durch Triebwerksausfälle verloren gingen.
(Quelle:wikipedia)
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