Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科
Bark
Ships and Nautics
Bremen
英文中barque有时也泛指多于三根桅杆的帆船，但从18世纪末期开始特指三根或更多桅杆、最后一根桅杆上挂纵帆，其他所有桅杆均为横帆的帆船。与之相比，全帆装船所有桅杆均挂横帆，前桅横帆三桅船则是除了前桅横帆其他桅杆都挂纵帆。
三桅帆船在风帆时代十分盛行，因其容量与全帆装船相近而所需人手较少，作为商用船非常合适。相比适合抢风航行的纵帆船，和适合利用季节风长距离航行的全帆装横帆船，三桅帆船barque结合了两者的优点。后期很多大型铁身帆船也采用了类似的帆装。
普通三桅帆船和前桅横帆三桅船外另外还有一种变种称为jackass-barque，前桅横帆，后桅纵帆，主桅下部纵帆、上部横帆。
用作泛指时，三桅帆船可以指：
- 全帆装船：三桅全部挂横帆
- 前桅横帆三桅船：前桅横帆，主桅后桅纵帆
- 三桅纵帆船：三桅全部挂纵帆
- 中式三桅帆船：三桅全部挂中式帆装，是中式帆船的一种，如沉没的远洋货轮的星号。
- Bragana或felucca：三桅全部挂斜挂大三角帆，在地中海或印度洋中常见。
- Polacre或xebec：前桅横帆，主桅后桅为斜挂大三角帆。
Die Bark ist ein Segelschiffstyp mit mindestens drei Masten, der an den vorderen Masten Rahsegel trägt, am letzten Mast dagegen nur Schratsegel. Die Bark war in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Hochseefrachtschiff weit verbreitet.
Im Vergleich zu den an allen Masten mit Rahsegeln getakelten Vollschiffen hat die Bark ein deutlich günstigeres Verhältnis zwischen Segelfläche und damit Geschwindigkeit einerseits und der zur sicheren Bedienung notwendigen Größe der Schiffsbesatzung andererseits.
Connecticut-CT
Hauts-de-France
Bark
Three-masted barque
History
M 1500 - 2000 AD
Military, defense and equipment
Royal Navy
Segelschiff
Bark/Barque/Barc
United Kingdom
California-CA
New South Wales-NSW
帆船1926年由德国人制造，二次世界大战德国战败后，将帆船献给俄军，船亦改名Kruzenshtern，取自著名俄罗斯航海家的名字。 帆船早期是运货至南美的商船，1955年起用作俄罗斯海军的训船.
(Quelle:http://www.stadtdatenbank.de)
Pennsylvania-PA
| History | |
|---|---|
 German Empire |
|
| Name | Kurt |
| Namesake | Dr. Kurt Siemers |
| Owner | G. H. J. Siemers & Co., Hamburg |
| Route | Europe to Chile and Newcastle, Australia |
| Builder | William Hamilton & Co., Port Glasgow |
| Cost | £36,000 |
| Laid down | 1903 |
| Launched | 18 April 1904 |
| Christened | 18 April 1904 |
| Completed | June 1904 |
| Maiden voyage | June 1904 via Santa Rosalía to Valparaíso |
| Homeport | Hamburg, |
| Fate | Seized by the US as enemy asset |
 United States |
|
| Name | Moshulu |
| Route | (US) Manila, Australia, South Africa |
| Acquired | 1917 |
| Out of service | 1928 |
| Homeport | San Francisco |
| Fate | Sold to Finland, 1935 |
 Finland |
|
| Name | Moshulu |
| Route | Australia to Europe grain trade |
| Acquired | 1935 |
| Decommissioned | 1970 |
| Out of service | 1940 |
| Reinstated | 1935 as a cargo ship, 1948 as a grain store |
| Homeport | Mariehamn, Naantali |
| Fate | Capsized and demasted 1947, sold to the United States, 1970 |
| United States |
|
| Name | Moshulu |
| Acquired | 1970 |
| Reinstated | 1975 as a restaurant |
| Homeport | Philadelphia |
| Status | Museum ship/restaurant ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type |
|
| Displacement | 7,000 ts (1,700 ts ship + 5,300 ts cargo) |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 46.9 ft (14.3 m) |
| Height | |
| Draft | 24.3 ft (7.4 m) at 5,300 tons |
| Depth | 28 ft (8.5 m) (depth moulded) |
| Depth of hold | 26.6 ft (8.1 m) |
| Decks | 2 continuous steel decks, poop, midshipbridge and forecastle decks |
| Installed power | no auxiliary propulsion; donkey engine for sail winches, steam rudder |
| Propulsion | wind |
| Sail plan | 4.180 m²; 34 sails: 18 square sails, 3 spankers, 13 staysails |
| Speed | highest recorded: 17 knots (31 km/h) |
| Boats & landing craft carried |
four lifeboats |
| Complement | max. 35 |
| Crew | 33 (captain, 1st & 2nd mate, 1 steward, 29 able seamen) |