
漢德百科全書 | 汉德百科全书






















Die Elbe (niederdeutsch Elv, tschechisch Labe, lateinisch Albis) ist ein mitteleuropäischer Strom, der in Tschechien entspringt, durch Deutschland fließt und in die Nordsee mündet. Sie ist der einzige Fluss, der das von Mittelgebirgen umschlossene Böhmen zur Nordsee hin entwässert. Zu den bekanntesten Gewässern ihres Einzugsgebiets gehören die Moldau, die Saale, die Havel mit der Spree und die Elde mit der Müritz. Im Oberlauf durch die Mittelgebirge geprägt, folgt sie im weiteren Verlauf zwei Urstromtälern des Norddeutschen Tieflands.
Gemessen an der Größe ihres Einzugsgebietes von 148.300 km² liegt sie für Mitteleuropa gemäß Liste der Flüsse in Europa an vierter Stelle hinter der Donau, der Weichsel und dem Rhein, gefolgt von Oder und Memel.[6]
易北河发源于捷克和波兰交接的苏台德山脉,向南进入捷克,再流成一个弧形转向西北流入德国,经汉堡流入北海。
易北河(德语:Elbe)在捷克语和波兰语中称为“拉贝河”(Labe,Łaba),都是由古斯堪的纳维亚语的“河流”一词演变来的。易北河发源于捷克和波兰交接的苏台德山脉,向南进入捷克,再流成一个弧形转向西北流入德国,经汉堡流入北海,是中欧地区的主要航运河道。
易北河从河源到德国的德累斯顿为上游,在山地中河流湍急,由许多小支流汇合而成,在接近德捷边境时河宽达140米,然后穿越一个狭窄的峡谷进入德国的平原地区。河宽达430米,到了汉堡以下为下游,河流宽达14.5公里,海轮可以经过宽阔的河道航行109公里直接到达汉堡,通过中德运河向西到达鲁尔工业区,向东到达柏林。700吨的货轮可以上溯到捷克,较小的船可以经由其支流到达布拉格。
易北河的年平均流量变化较大,1926年到1965年期间,最大流量达3617秒立方米,最小只有145秒立方米,因此给航运带来一定的不利影响。由于下游水位低,海潮可以直接到达汉堡,当有风暴时,洪水可以淹没汉堡部分市区。易北河的沿岸分布着许多欧洲重要的城市。
エルベ川(エルベがわ、ポーランド語: Łaba、チェコ語: Labe、ドイツ語: Die Elbe、低ザクセン語: De Elv)は、チェコ北部およびドイツ東部を流れ北海へと注ぐ国際河川である。全長約1,091kmはヨーロッパでは14番目に長く、このうち727kmがドイツ国内を占める。
ポーランド、チェコ国境地帯のズデーテン山地に源を発し、チェコ北部、ドイツ東部を北へ流れ、ハンブルク付近で北海に注ぐ。
ハンブルク南東付近にはエルベ・リューベック運河が延び、バルト海南西部リューベック湾との間を結んでいる。河口付近にはキール運河があり、バルト海のキール湾に接続している。
The Elbe (/ˈɛlbə/; Czech: Labe (help·info) [ˈlabɛ]; German: Elbe [ˈɛlbə]; Low German: Elv, historically in English also Elve[1][2][3]) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (Czech Republic), then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Hamburg. Its total length is 1,094 kilometres (680 mi).[4]
The Elbe's major tributaries include the rivers Vltava, Saale, Havel, Mulde, Schwarze Elster, and Ohře.[4]
The Elbe river basin, comprising the Elbe and its tributaries, has a catchment area of 148,268 square kilometres (57,247 sq mi), the fourth largest in Europe. The basin spans four countries, with its largest parts in Germany (65.5%) and the Czech Republic (33.7%). Much smaller parts lie in Austria (0.6%) and Poland (0.2%). The basin is inhabited by 24.4 million people.[4]
L'Elbe (allemand Elbe, tchèque Labe, sorabe Łobjo) est un fleuve d'Europe centrale qui prend sa source en République tchèque dans les monts des Géants et, après un parcours situé en majeure partie en Allemagne, se jette dans la mer du Nord par un long estuaire d'une centaine de kilomètres sur lequel se trouve Hambourg, premier port d'Allemagne. La longueur de ce fleuve est de 1 091 kilomètres.
L'Elba (in tedesco: Elbe, in ceco: Labe) è uno dei fiumi più lunghi dell'Europa centrale (1165 Km). Nasce nel nord della Repubblica Ceca, nella catena montuosa dei Monti Sudeti, a circa 1 400 m di altezza. Attraversa quindi la Germania per sfociare poi nel Mare del Nord. La sua lunghezza totale è di 1 165 km.
El río Elba (en checo, Labe; en alemán, Elbe; en bajo alemán Elv; en latín, Albis) es uno de los principales ríos de la Europa central, el segundo más largo de los que desembocan en el mar del Norte, tras el Rin. Tiene una longitud de 1165 km (15.º más largo de Europa) y drena una cuenca de 148 268 km² (12.ª cuenca europea y 2.ª del mar del Norte) que corresponde a Alemania (65,5%), República Checa (33,7%), Austria (0,6%) y Polonia (0,2%). El sistema fluvial más largo de la cuenca corresponde al Elba–Moldava, con 1231 km.
El Elba nace en el norte de la República Checa, a 1386 m de altitud, en la vertiente meridional de los montañas de los Gigantes, y tras discurrir primero en dirección sureste y virar al noroeste, desemboca no lejos de Hamburgo en el mar del Norte.
Administrativamente, el río discurre por cuatro de las trece regiones de la República Checa —Hradec Králové, Bohemia Central, Pardubice y Ústí nad Labem— y cinco de los 16 estados federados de Alemania —Sajonia, Sajonia-Anhalt, Baja Sajonia, Schleswig-Holstein y Hamburgo—.
Las ciudades más importantes en su curso son las checas Hradec Králové (93 035 hab.), Pardubice (89 467 hab.), Ústí nad Labem (93 747 hab.) y Děčín (50 289 hab.) y las alemanas Dresde (525 105 hab.), Dessau (85 488 hab.), Magdeburgo (229 924 hab.), Hamburgo (1 734 272 hab.) y Cuxhaven (50 846 hab.).
Sus principales afluentes son los ríos Moldava (434 km), Saale (413 km), Havel (413 km), Ohře (316 km), Elster Negro (181 km) y Mulda (147 km).1
La cuenca del Elba está habitada por 24,5 millones de personas.1
Э́льба (нем. Elbe, н.-нем. Elv, лат. Albis) или Ла́ба (чеш. Labe, в.-луж. и н.-луж. Łobjo) — река бассейна Северного моря. Берёт начало в Чехии, основное течение на территории Германии. Длина реки — 1165 км[1]. Площадь водосборного бассейна — 148 000 км²[1]. Среднемноголетний расход воды при впадении в море — 861 м³/с[1].
Дрезденская долина Эльбы со знаменитой террасой Брюля в силу своей редкой живописности в 2004—2009 входила в список Всемирного наследия человечества.

Die Elbphilharmonie (kurz auch „Elphi“ genannt)[1][2] ist ein im November 2016 fertiggestelltes Konzerthaus in Hamburg. Sie wurde mit dem Ziel geplant, ein neues Wahrzeichen der Stadt und ein „Kulturdenkmal für alle“ zu schaffen.[3][4][5] Das 110 Meter hohe Gebäude im Stadtteil HafenCity liegt am rechten Ufer der Norderelbe an der Spitze des Großen Grasbrooks zwischen den Mündungen der Hafenbecken Sandtorhafen und Grasbrookhafen. Es wurde unter Einbeziehung der Hülle des früheren Kaispeichers A (Baujahr 1963) errichtet. Auf diesen Sockel wurde ein moderner Aufbau mit einer Glasfassade gesetzt, die an Segel, Wasserwellen, Eisberge oder einen Quarzkristall erinnert. Die Lage am Kaiserhöft ist von der einstigen industriellen Hafennutzung und der neugotischen Backsteinarchitektur der Speicherstadt geprägt.
Das Konzept des Konzerthauses geht auf eine 2001 vorgestellte Idee des Hamburger Projektentwicklers Alexander Gérard zurück. Der Bau wurde dann 2007 durch die Bürgerschaft unter Bürgermeister Ole von Beust beschlossen. Entwurf und Planung der Philharmonie stammen im Wesentlichen vom Architekturbüro Herzog & de Meuron. Bauherr war die Elbphilharmonie Bau KG, deren Teilgesellschafter und Hauptfinanzier die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg mit Steuermitteln ist. Das Gebäude wurde in ihrem Auftrag vom Baudienstleister Hochtief errichtet.
Die Fertigstellung des Gebäudes war nach einem mehrjährigen Vorlauf für das Jahr 2010 vorgesehen, verzögerte sich jedoch mehrfach, u. a. auch bedingt durch einen anderthalbjährigen Baustopp im öffentlichen Bereich. Erst nach einer umfangreichen Projektneuordnung zwischen den Architekten, dem Bauherren und der Baufirma kurz nach der Wahl des Bürgermeisters Olaf Scholz wurde nach dem Baustopp weitergebaut. Durch die Verzögerungen am Bau und die Überschreitung der ursprünglich veranschlagten Baukosten wurde die Elbphilharmonie bereits lange vor der Fertigstellung bundesweit bekannt: Die Baukosten betrugen am Ende mit rund 866 Millionen Euro etwas mehr als das 11,24-fache bzw. mehr als plus 1.124 % der mit ursprünglich 77 Millionen Euro geplanten Summe.[6] Der im neuen Vertrag vereinbarte Termin für die Bau- und Schlüsselübergabe am 31. Oktober 2016 wurde eingehalten.[7] Die Einweihung des Konzertbereichs wurde am 11. und 12. Januar 2017 mit dem Konzert „Zum Raum wird hier die Zeit“ des NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchesters gefeiert (Konzertprogramm).[8][9] Der Kleine Saal wurde am 12. Januar 2017 vom Ensemble Resonanz eingeweiht. Im ersten Jahr nach der Eröffnung besuchten rund 850.000 Menschen die über 600 Konzerte in der Elbphilharmonie, über 4,5 Millionen Besucher pilgerten auf die Plaza, mehr als 70.000 Menschen nahmen an Konzerthausführungen und über 60.000 am Musikvermittlungsprogramm des Hauses teil.[10]
汉堡易北爱乐音乐厅是德国北部音乐之都的新心脏,凭借其别具一格的建筑风格和精彩纷呈的各类活动,这座宏伟的音乐厅将卓越艺术和开放包容融为一体。易北爱乐音乐厅由赫尔佐格和德梅隆建筑事务所(Herzog & de Meuron)设计,矗立于城市与港口之间,并将从前的码头仓库与新颖的玻璃结构和弧形屋顶合为一体。建筑内除了设有三座音乐厅外,还拥有豪华酒店和公共观景平台,平台的开放式设计突显出汉堡这座德国新地标建筑作为“一个面向所有人的音乐厅”的特点。(Quelle:www.Baidu.com)
易北爱乐厅(Elbphilharmonie)是一座位于德国汉堡的音乐厅,是建设中的汉堡港城的一部分,位于仓库城的最西端,高达110米,是汉堡最高的居住建筑。音乐厅的一至七层使用了港口仓库A(Kaispeicher A)的37米高的基座[1]。港口仓库A曾经用于存贮可可、茶及烟草[2]。音乐厅除了面向音乐厅听众和酒店住户外,也向其他所有人开放[1]。
エルプフィルハーモニー・ハンブルク (独: Elbphilharmonie Hamburg、愛称: Elphi) は、2017年1月にオープンしたドイツ・ハンブルクのハーフェンシティ地区にあるコンサートホール。「エルプ」はハーフェンシティが面するエルベ川を意味する。
当該ホールの竣工により、NDRエルプフィルハーモニー管弦楽団(NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra, 旧称:北ドイツ放送交響楽団)の新たな本拠地となった。
古い倉庫「埠頭倉庫A(Kaispeicher A)」の上部にコンサートホールを新設する計画で、建築設計を担当するのはスイス・バーゼルのヘルツォーク&ド・ムーロン[2][3]、建設業者はホッホティーフ。また、日本からも永田音響設計が音響設計に携わっている[4]。完成すると高さが110mになり、人が居住する建物としてはハンブルクで最も高い建築物となる予定である。
巨額なコストの増加と建設の大幅な遅れから、スキャンダラスな事業であるとみられている。当事業の当初の推定予算は7700万ユーロで、ハンブルク市が負担するはずであったが、2007年には、市は建設コストを支えるために、1.14億ユーロとすることで決着した。その後も幾度かの交渉を経て、2012年12月にはゼネコンのホッホティーフに対して市側が(計画コストを含めて)最終的な建設コストの総計を手取りで5.75億ユーロとすることで合意した。2013年4月23日、ハンブルク市長のオーラフ・ショルツは、当事業にかかる費用の合計が7.89億ユーロになることを納税者(市民)に公表した[5]。建物の完成は、当初は2010年に計画されていたが、度々延期された。上棟式は、3年間の建設期間の後に、2010年5月に挙行された。建設作業は2016年10月に完了し、古い建物と新しい建物の間にある公共広場は2016年11月から一般公開された。
The Elbphilharmonie ( German pronunciation (help·info)) (Elbe Philharmonic) is a concert hall in the HafenCity quarter of Hamburg, Germany, on the Grasbrook peninsula of the Elbe River. It is one of the largest and acoustically most advanced concert halls in the world.[3] It is popularly nicknamed Elphi.[4][5]
The new glassy construction resembles a hoisted sail, water wave, iceberg or quartz crystal; it sits on top of an old warehouse building (Kaispeicher A, built 1963) near the historical Speicherstadt and is designed by architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron.[6][7] It is the tallest inhabited building in Hamburg, with a final height of 108 metres (354 ft).[2]
The Elbphilharmonie was officially inaugurated with concerts of the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra and a light show on 11 January 2017.[8][9][10]
La Philharmonie de l’Elbe (Elbphilharmonie, surnommée Elphi) est une salle de concert symphonique de Hambourg construite par les architectes Herzog & de Meuron.
La Elbphilharmonie (letteralmente "Filarmonica dell'Elba") è una sala da concerto della città di Amburgo, in Germania, situata nel quartiere di HafenCity (distretto di Hamburg-Mitte).
È una delle sale di concerto più grandi ed acusticamente avanzate a livello mondiale. È anche nota con il soprannome Elphi.
La costruzione in vetro assomiglia ad una vela issata, ad una onda o ad un cristallo di quarzo, ed è appoggiata sopra un vecchio magazzino (Kaispeicher A, costruito nel 1963), nelle vicinanze dello storico Speicherstadt. Costruita su progetto dello studio Herzog & de Meuron[1][2], include due sale da concerto, una da 2 000 posti e una da 550 circa, un hotel e 44 appartamenti.[3] È l'edificio abitabile più alto di Amburgo, con una altezza finale di 108 metri.[4]
È stata inaugurata l'11 gennaio 2017, con un concerto della NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester diretto da Thomas Hengelbrock.[3]
La Filarmónica del Elba (en alemán, Elbphilharmonie), conocida también por su sobrenombre Elphi,12 es una sala de conciertos en la HafenCity de Hamburgo, Alemania.
Proyectada por el estudio de arquitectura suizo Herzog & de Meuron, esta construcción junto al río Elba incluye apartamentos en sus pisos superiores. La construcción fue finalizada el 31 de octubre 2016; no obstante, debido a los múltiples retrasos e incalculables incrementos de costo de obra, en torno al 1000%,3 la prensa estuvo castigando a este proyecto.4
La inauguración de la nueva sala de conciertos se produjo el 11 de enero de 2017, con un concierto de la NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester5 (anteriormente conocida como Orquesta Sinfónica de la NDR), que se convertirá en la orquesta residente del auditorio.6
Эльбская филармония (нем. Elbphilharmonie) — концертный зал Гамбурга, расположенный на острове Грасброок на Эльбе.























































座落在巴伐利亚中心的英戈尔施塔特(Ingolstadt),是一座充满生机的魅力之城,变化多端,值得一游。这座城市将历史、传统和现代魔法般地融合在一起。我们诚挚地邀请您一探英戈尔施塔特之城。
整修一新的可爱的三角墙宅第、气势宏伟的大门、高高耸立的塔楼以及那些令人深刻印象的堡垒,都散发着老城的魅力。您可尽情体验英戈尔施塔特琳琅满目的餐厅和商店,还有全年开放着的充满诱惑的市场。
在英戈尔施塔特奥迪中心(Audi Forum Ingolstadt)的“汽车博物馆”中漫步,你就能明白为什么英戈尔施塔特作为汽车制造中心而享有这么高的国际声誉。
在精品购物点汇聚的“英戈尔施塔特购物村”,您在高雅的品位上领略独一无二的Outlet精品折扣购物。可互见本站内之世界名牌购物村。(Quelle:http://www.bayern.cn/stopover/ingolstadt.html)



















































(Quelle:http://www.foto-hamburg.com)
汉堡智利大厦是德国汉莎汉堡州第一座商贸建筑,建于1922 - 1924年,是德国表现主义建筑风格的代表作,被列为联合国世界文化遗产.































































中欧班列(英语译名:China Railway Express 或 China-Europe Railway Express[1][2],简称为 CR express[3])是指按照固定车次、线路、班期和全程运行时刻开行,往来于中国与欧洲以及一带一路沿线各国的集装箱国际铁路联运班列,其中一班是从中国陜西省西安市开往欧洲的火车。[4]为加强与欧洲国家的商业贸易联络,中国政府和中国国家铁路集团与中亚和欧洲各国铁路系统协作,从起初重庆到德国的杜伊斯堡,发展到国内通达城市82个,国外通达欧亚国家的160多个城市,形成了阿拉山口、霍尔果斯、二连浩特、满洲里、绥芬河五大出境口岸,重庆、成都、西安、郑州、乌鲁木齐五大集结中心[5],开行从中国大陆到达最远伦敦、汉堡等地的国际联运列车。[3]
中欧班列也是世界上最长的货运铁路线,连接中国、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、波兰、德国、法国、西班牙和伦敦。
Trans-Eurasia Logistics, AKA CHINA RAILWAY Express[1], was a joint venture between German rail company Deutsche Bahn and Russian RZhD, China Railway Corporation from China, Russian Railway Company, Russia operating container freight trains between Germany and China via Russia. The first such train arrived in Hamburg from Xiangtan on 6 October 2008, taking 17 days to make the trip.[2] Intermodal companies Polzug, Kombiverkehr, and TransContainer are also involved in the project.[3]
Container trains travel from China to Germany via the Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Siberian Railways, and then via Belarus and Poland - the route collectively known as the "Eurasian Land Bridge".[3] A break of gauge needs to be crossed when entering Mongolia from China (or Russia directly from China, if traveling via Manzhouli/Zabaykalsk), and then another one when leaving Belarus for Poland.
Trans-Eurasia Logistics operates the Yiwu - Madrid Railway line, which is the longest goods railway line in the world and connects China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France and Spain. [4]
Trans-Eurasia Logistics est une coentreprise entre la Deutsche Bahn, la Kasachstan Temir Scholy, la China Railway Corporation et la Compagnie des chemins de fer russes, fondée en 20081
Elle permet à des trains de fret entre l'Allemagne et la Chine via la Russie, de réaliser ce trajet en dix-huit jours2.





















