Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科

       
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Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN

Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Catalog Heilongjiang Sheng-HL Catalog Jilin Sheng-JL Catalog Nei Mongol Zizhiqu-NM
Acht Mandschu-Nachnamen
滿族八大姓
 
文献 版本
《八旗满洲氏族通谱》[3] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、舒穆禄氏、赫舍里氏、他塔喇氏、觉罗氏、佟佳氏、那拉氏
《清稗类钞》[4]、《郎潜纪闻初笔》[5]等 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、舒穆禄氏、纳喇氏、栋鄂氏、马佳氏、伊尔根觉罗氏[註 1]、辉发氏[註 2]
《道咸以来朝野杂记》[8] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、舒穆禄氏、那拉氏、完颜氏、富察氏、费莫氏、章佳氏
《庫雅喇氏源流考》[9] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、觉尔察氏、栋鄂氏、佟佳氏、兆佳氏、伊尔根觉罗氏、他塔拉氏
《他塔拉氏家譜》[9] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、赫舍里氏、章佳氏、马佳氏、宁古塔氏、扎拉里氏、伊尔根觉罗氏
《满族史论丛》[9] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、舒穆禄氏、纳兰氏、董鄂氏、赫舍里氏、乌拉氏、伊尔根觉罗氏
京旗民间[10][11] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、马佳氏、索绰罗氏、齐佳氏、富察氏、那木都鲁氏、佟佳氏
或
瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、舒穆禄氏、董鄂氏、马佳氏、纳喇氏、索绰罗氏、赫舍里氏
《兴京县志》、《凤城县志》、东北民间等[12] 瓜尔佳氏、钮祜禄氏、马佳氏、索绰罗氏（或赫舍里氏）、齐佳氏（或喜塔腊氏）、富察氏、那拉氏、佟佳氏
 
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Catalog Transport and traffic High speed traffic
Catalog Anhui Sheng-AH Catalog Beijing Shi-BJ Catalog China Catalog Chongqing Shi-CQ Catalog Fujian Sheng-FJ Catalog Gansu Sheng-GS Catalog Gansu Sheng-GS Catalog Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu-GX Catalog Guizhou Sheng-GZ Catalog Hainan Sheng-HI Catalog Hebei Sheng-HE Catalog Heilongjiang Sheng-HL Catalog Henan Sheng-HA Catalog Hongkong Tebiexingzhengqu-HK Catalog Hubei Sheng-HB Catalog Hunan Sheng-HN Catalog Jiangsu Sheng-JS Catalog Jiangxi Sheng-JX Catalog Jilin Sheng-JL Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Nei Mongol Zizhiqu-NM Catalog Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu-NX Catalog Qinghai Sheng-QH Catalog Shaanxi Sheng-SN Catalog Shandong Sheng-SD Catalog Shanghai Shi-SH Catalog Shanxi Sheng-SX Catalog Sichuan Sheng-SC Catalog Tianjin Shi-TJ Catalog Transport and traffic Railway Catalog Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu-XJ Catalog Yunnan Sheng-YN Catalog Zhejiang Sheng-ZJ
Acht vertikale und Acht horizontale Linien
八纵八横铁路快速客运通道
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Catalog International cities Asian city
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Anshan
鞍山
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Catalog Companies Mainland China,Hong Kong,Macau,Taiwan
Catalog China Catalog Energy resource Iron and steel companies Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Companies *Big steel companies
Anshan Iron and Steel Group
鞍山钢铁集团
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Catalog Transport and traffic Highway
Catalog Anhui Sheng-AH Catalog China Catalog Fujian Sheng-FJ Catalog Guangdong Sheng-GD Catalog Hebei Sheng-HE Catalog Jiangsu Sheng-JS Catalog Jilin Sheng-JL Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Shandong Sheng-SD Catalog Tianjin Shi-TJ Catalog Zhejiang Sheng-ZJ
Autobahn Changchun-Shenzhen
長深高速公路 长深高速公路
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Catalog Transport and traffic Highway
Catalog China Catalog Fujian Sheng-FJ Catalog Guangdong Sheng-GD Catalog Hainan Sheng-HI Catalog Jiangsu Sheng-JS Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Shandong Sheng-SD Catalog Shanghai Shi-SH Catalog Zhejiang Sheng-ZJ
Autobahn Shenyang-Haikou
沈海高速公路
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Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Baiyushan-Pagoda
白玉山塔
白玉山塔，原名表忠塔，曾名白玉塔，建于1907年，位于中华人民共和国辽宁省大连市旅顺口区白玉山南麓，是日俄战争后日本军队为纪念战死士兵、向天皇表忠心而修建的。中华人民共和国建立后，几次有人提出拆除此塔，但白玉山塔最终得以保留，现为爱国主义教育基地。

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Catalog Companies Mainland China,Hong Kong,Macau,Taiwan
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Bank of Jinzhou
锦州银行
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Catalog Geography
Catalog Beijing Shi-BJ Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Nei Mongol Zizhiqu-NM Catalog Tianjin Shi-TJ
Beijing-Mandarin
北京官話 北京官话
北京官话，又称北平官话，是中国北方的官话方言。它有四个声调：阴平（55）、阳平（35）、上声（214）、去声（51）；古清入声分别派入这四个声调，但入上声的字较东北官话少很多。北京原有元大都语音，明永乐年间迁都北京，从南京北调40万人（超过北平原有人口）入北京，使得北京方音与《中原音韵》、《洪武正韵》混合，旧北平话逐渐演变形成了北京话。1728年，雍正设“正音书馆”，以北京官话为准，以后北京官话逐渐与南京官话分庭抗礼，成为中国官场的标准语。有人也称之为北方官话，和被称为南方官话的南京官话相对应。1913年，出现基于华中韵白的老国音与基于华北北京京白的新国音，经历“京国之争”，北京官话成为现代标准汉语的蓝本。

北京官话共分两片，其中京承片又可再分成两小片[2]：

此前新疆石河子市－克拉玛依市地区划有石克片（又称北疆片），今划入兰银官话北疆片。这些地方的汉族多为1949年后从内地迁往新疆的移民，当时语音接近普通话，因此定为北京官话石克片。但现在这些地方的汉族居民多在新疆出生，语言已带有北疆口音，因此划为兰银官话北疆片[3]。

此外，若从创制源头来讲，现代标准汉语（华语，包括普通话、国语、新马华语）均以北京官话为底。

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Catalog International cities Asian city
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Benxi
本溪
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Catalog Energy resource Iron and steel companies
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN Catalog Companies Mainland China,Hong Kong,Macau,Taiwan Catalog Companies *Big steel companies
Benxi Steel Group
本溪钢铁集团

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Catalog Geography Karst
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN
Benxi Water Cave
本溪水洞
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