漢德百科全書 | 汉德百科全书

       
Chinese — German
Catalog Party and government

***Corruption Perceptions Index***State Protocol for Welcoming Guests***Citizenship and Immigration Services***Government tax authorities*Think Tank*Political parties with more than a hundred years of history*President or Chairman*Regulatory AuthorityOffices under the ministries and commissionsWorking bodies of the State CouncilAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,APECAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations,ASEANBRICSFederal authorities GermanyFederal authorities AustriaFederal CabinetFederal Ministry of AustriaOffice of the State CouncilChinese political partiesGerman political partiesEuropean Political Community SummitGroup of Seven,G7Group of the twenty most important industrial and emerging countriesInstitutions directly under the State CouncilInstitutions directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of ChinaInternational friendly partiesState government of GermanyMinistries and officesNational anthemUpper Federal Authorities GermanySupreme Federal Authorities GermanyAustrian political partiesSwiss political partiesSpecial body of the Council of StateInstitutions directly under the State CouncilCentral Military Commission
Catalog Education and Research
Catalog Financial *China economic data Catalog Party and government Catalog Economy and trade Economic and political research
清华大学中国与世界经济研究中心
Center for China in the World Economy,CCWE
 
 
 
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Catalog Geography *World overview
Catalog Financial Catalog Financial *Brazil economic data Catalog Financial *China economic data Catalog Financial *Germany economic data Catalog Financial *European Union economic data Catalog Financial *France economic data Catalog Financial *India economic data Catalog Financial *Indonesia economic data Catalog Financial *Italy economic data Catalog Financial *Japan economic data Catalog Financial *Canada economic data Catalog Financial *Russia economic data Catalog Financial *United Kingdom economic data Catalog Financial *United States economic data Catalog Hand in Hand Catalog Party and government Catalog Party and government ***Corruption Perceptions Index Catalog Review
清廉指数
Korruptionswahrnehmungsindex/Corruption Perceptions Index
清廉指数（英语：Corruption Perceptions Index，缩写：CPI）或译作腐败感知指数、清廉指数、清廉印象指数等，是透明国际自1995年起每年发布的评估，就国际专家对于当地腐败状况的主观感知程度予以评估及排名。CPI通常将腐败定义为“滥用公共权力谋取私利”。清廉指数评分越高，意味着感知的腐败程度越低。

清廉指数（英语：Corruption Perceptions Index，缩写：CPI[1]）或译作腐败感知指数、清廉指数、清廉印象指数等，是透明国际自1995年起每年发布的评估，就国际专家对于当地腐败状况的主观感知程度予以评估及排名[2][3]。CPI通常将腐败定义为“滥用公共权力谋取私利”。清廉指数评分越高，意味着感知的腐败程度越低。清廉指数是根据各国商人、学者与国情分析师，对各国公务人员与政治人物贪腐程度的评价，以满分100分代表最清廉，资料来源包含自由之家、瑞士洛桑国际管理学院（IMD）等10个国际组织。

Der Korruptionswahrnehmungsindex (englisch Corruption Perceptions Index, abgekürzt CPI, kurz auch Korruptionsindex) ist ein von Transparency International herausgegebener Kennwert zur Korruption. Der Index wird seit 1995 erhoben und wird in Form einer Rangordnung veröffentlicht, die das wahrgenommene Korruptionsniveau im öffentlichen Sektor von 180 Staaten vergleicht.[1]

Transparency International ist eine nichtstaatliche Organisation, die sich weltweit dem Kampf gegen Korruption widmet. Der CPI ist ihre bedeutendste Publikation[2] und listet Länder nach dem Grad auf, in dem dort Korruption bei Amtsträgern und Politikern wahrgenommen wird. Es ist ein zusammengesetzter Index, der sich auf verschiedene Umfragen und Untersuchungen stützt, die von mehr als zehn unabhängigen Institutionen durchgeführt wurden. Es werden Geschäftsleute sowie Länderanalysten befragt und Umfragen mit Experten im In- und Ausland miteinbezogen. Der Index reicht von 0 bis 100 (bis 2011 max. 10 Punkte), wobei 100 die geringste Wahrnehmung von Korruption anzeigt und somit das bestmögliche Ergebnis ist. Der Index soll die wahrgenommene Korruption darstellen. Er ist also explizit kein direktes Maß für die tatsächlich stattfindende Korruption, sondern bildet die Meinung der Befragten über angenommene Korruption ab. Diese Meinung kann auf persönlichen Erfahrungen mit Korruption beruhen. Sie kann jedoch auch beispielsweise durch sensationsheischende Presseberichte über spektakuläre Korruptionsfälle beeinflusst sein. Dies gilt auch als wesentlicher Kritikpunkt am CPI. In vielen Ländern, in denen die politische Klasse in geringem Ansehen steht, ist die wahrgenommene Korruption sehr hoch. Hier ist nicht immer klar, was Ursache und Folge ist.

  >80
  70–79
  60–69
  50–59
  40–49
  30–39
  20–29
  10–19
  <10
  数据不可用
排
名		 国家
或地区		 指数年份
20
23
[5]		 20
22
[6]		 20
21
[7]		 20
20
[8]		 20
19
[9]		 20
18
[10]		 20
17
[11]		 20
16
[12]		 20
15
[13]		 20
14
[14]		 20
13
[15]		 20
12
[16]		 20
11
[17]		 20
10
[18]		 20
09
[19]		 20
08
[20]		 20
07
[21]		 20
06
[22]		 20
05
[23]		 20
04
[24]		 20
03
[25]		 20
02
[26]		 20
01
[27]		 20
00
[28]		 19
99
[29]		 19
98
[30]		 19
97
[31]		 19
96
[32]		 19
95
[33]
                                                       

 
1  丹麦 90 90 88 88 87 88 88 88 91 92 91 90 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 10 10 9.94 9.33 9.5
2  芬兰 87 87 88 85 86 85 85 89 90 89 89 90 9.4 9.2 8.9 9.0 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.9 10 9.8 9.6 9.48 9.05 9.7
3  新西兰 85 87 88 88 87 87 89 90 88 91 91 90 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.23 9.43 9.5
4  挪威 84 84 85 84 84 84 85 85 87 86 86 85 9.0 8.6 8.6 7.9 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.5 8.6 8.6 9.1 8.9 9 8.92 8.87 8.5
5  新加坡 83 83 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 84 86 87 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 8.66 8.8 9.3
6  瑞典 82 83 85 85 85 85 84 88 89 87 89 88 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.0 9 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.35 9.08 9.3
 瑞士 82 82 84 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 85 86 8.8 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.9 8.9 8.61 8.76 8.5
8  荷兰 79 80 82 82 82 82 82 83 87 83 83 84 8.9 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.6 8.9 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.9 9 9 9.03 8.71 9
9  德国 78 79 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 79 78 79 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.2 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.6 8 7.9 8.23 8.27 7.3
 卢森堡 78 77 81 80 80 81 82 81 81 82 80 80 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.5 8.7 9.0 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.61   9
11  爱尔兰 77 77 74 72 74 73 74 73 75 74 72 69 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.7 8.2 8.28 8.45 6.9
12  加拿大 76 74 74 77 77 81 82 82 83 81 81 84 8.7 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.7 9.0 8.9 8.9 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.1 8.96 9
 爱沙尼亚 76 74 74 75 74 73 71 70 70 69 68 64 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7     5.6
14  香港 75 76 76 77 76 76 77 77 75 74 75 77 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.28 7.01 8.2
 澳大利亚 75 75 73 77 77 77 77 79 79 80 81 85 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.7 8.86 8.6 8.6
16  乌拉圭 73 74 73 71 71 70 70 71 74 73 73 72 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.4 5.9 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1   4.4 4.3 4.14   5.1
 比利时 73 73 73 76 75 76 75 77 77 76 75 75 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.25 6.84 7.1
 日本 73 73 73 74 73 73 73 72 75 76 74 74 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.4 6 5.8 6.57 7.05 7.1
19  冰岛 72 74 74 75 78 76 77 78 79 79 78 82 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.1 9.2 9.3     9.4
20  英国 71 73 78 77 77 80 82 81 81 78 76 74 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.7 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.22 8.44 8.7
 法国 71 72 71 69 69 72 70 69 70 69 71 71 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.5 6.9 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.66 6.96 6.3
 奥地利 71 71 74 76 77 76 75 75 76 72 69 69 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.7 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.61 7.59 7.8
 塞舌尔 71 70 70 66 66 66 60   55 55 54 52 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.5 3.6 4.0 4.4                  
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Catalog Party and government *Think Tank
Catalog Sri Lanka
区域战略研究中心
Regional Centre for Strategic Studies,RCSS
 
 
 
 
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Catalog Party and government International friendly parties
Catalog *Political system of Russia Catalog Russia
全俄人民陣線 全俄人民阵线
Gesamtrussische Volksfront/Общероссийский народный фронт; ОНФ
意识形态 普京主义 欧亚主义 爱国主义 社会保守主义 民族保守主义 俄罗斯保守主义 俄罗斯民族主义 政治立场 主流： 右翼 派别： 中间至极右翼 成员 统一俄罗斯 公正俄罗斯－爱国者－为了真理 全俄政党“祖国” 新人 俄罗斯生态党“绿党” 乌克兰进步社会党 官方色彩 白色, 蓝色, 红色 (俄罗斯国旗) 口号 如果你支持普京，那么你就支持阵线。 (俄语：Если ты за Путина, значит ты за Фронт.)

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Catalog Party and government
Catalog *China's political system *Political system of the People's Republic of China Catalog *Political system of the People's Republic of China Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长
Vorsitzender des Ständigen Ausschusses des Nationalen Volkskongresses/Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People´s Congress
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Catalog Party and government
全国人民代表大会外事委员会
Auswärtigen Ausschusses des Nationalen Volkskongresses
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Catalog Party and government International friendly parties
Catalog Myanmar
全國民主聯盟 全国民主联盟
Nationale Liga für Demokratie/National League for Democracy

 

 

 

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Catalog Party and government
Catalog *China's political system *Political system of the People's Republic of China Catalog *Political system of the People's Republic of China Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
全國人民代表大會 全国人民代表大会
Nationaler Volkskongress/National People´s Congress of the People´s Republic of China

 
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Catalog Education and Research
Catalog Law Catalog Hand in Hand Catalog Party and government
全球施政法
Global Governance-Recht
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Catalog Brazil
Catalog Distrito Federal Catalog Financial *Brazil economic data Catalog Party and government *Think Tank Catalog Rio de Janeiro Catalog São Paulo Catalog Economy and trade Economic and political research
热图利奥·瓦加斯基金会
Fundação Getulio Vargas
 
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Catalog Party and government
Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 8. Achte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 9. Neunte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 10. Tenth Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 11. Elfte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 12. Zwölfte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 13. Dreizehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 14. Vierzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 15. Fünfzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 16. Sechzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 17. Siebzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 18. Achtzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 19. Neunzehnte Catalog *Chinese Communist Party Congress 20. Zwanzigste Catalog *China's political system *Political system of the People's Republic of China Catalog *Political system of the People's Republic of China National Congress of the Communist Party of China Catalog Architecture Catalog Beijing Shi-BJ Catalog Vacation and Travel
人民大會堂 人民大会堂
Große Halle des Volkes/Great Hall of the People
人民大会堂，位于北京市东城区天安门广场西侧，西长安街南侧。人民大会堂是中国全国人民代表大会开会的地方，是全国人民代表大会和全国人大常委会的办公场所。是党、国家和各人民团体举行政治活动的重要场所，也是中国国家领导人和人民群众举行政治、外交、文化活动的场所。  人民大会堂坐西朝东，南北长336米，东西宽206米，高46.5米，占地面积15万平方米，建筑面积17.18万平方米。 东门为人民大会堂正门，门上方悬挂国徽。 主体结构形式采用钢筋混凝土框架结构，宴会厅和万人大礼堂的屋架及挑台为钢结构。建筑立面呈“山”字形，两翼略低，中部稍高，四面开门，周围环列134根圆形廊柱。

人民大会堂，位于北京市东城区天安门广场西侧，西长安街南侧。人民大会堂是中国全国人民代表大会开会的地方，是全国人民代表大会和全国人大常委会的办公场所。是党、国家和各人民团体举行政治活动的重要场所，也是中国国家领导人和人民群众举行政治、外交、文化活动的场所。 

人民大会堂坐西朝东，南北长336米，东西宽206米，高46.5米，占地面积15万平方米，建筑面积17.18万平方米。 东门为人民大会堂正门，门上方悬挂国徽。 主体结构形式采用钢筋混凝土框架结构，宴会厅和万人大礼堂的屋架及挑台为钢结构。建筑立面呈“山”字形，两翼略低，中部稍高，四面开门，周围环列134根圆形廊柱。 

人民大会堂由万人大礼堂、五千人宴会厅和全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公楼三部分组成，整个建筑内有会议厅、休息厅、办公厅300多个。人民大会堂共分为一区、二区、三区三部分。 北部有可容纳5000人坐席的宴会厅，中部是万人大礼堂，南部是全国人大常委办公楼。 

1958年8月，中共中央作出指示，中央设想在北京建一批包括万人大礼堂在内的国庆重大建筑工程，这些重大建筑必须在1959年国庆节时投入使用。 经过前7稿方案的探讨，1958年10月14日，周恩来首先详细地看了3套方案的平面图和立体图，最后决定采用北京市规划局的设计方案。 于1958年10月正式动工，1959年9月建成，用时仅10个多月。 1959年9月10日，胜利竣工、交付使用。 

2016年9月29日，人民大会堂入选“首批中国20世纪建筑遗产”名录。

Die Große Halle des Volkes (chinesisch 人民大會堂 / 人民大会堂, Pinyin Rénmín Dàhuìtáng – „Volkskongresshalle“) ist eines der symbolträchtigsten Bauwerke in Peking (VR China). Das im neoklassizistischen Stil gehaltene Bauwerk nach einem Entwurf von Zhang Bo befindet sich an der Westseite des Tian’anmen-Platzes und dient der chinesischen Führung als Empfangsort für Staatsgäste und Veranstaltungsstätte für nationale Feierlichkeiten.

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Catalog Party and government International friendly parties
Catalog Ukraine
人民公仆
Sluha narodu/Слуга народу

 

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