漢德百科全書 | 汉德百科全书
Law
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History
Magna Carta/Magna Carta Libertatum/große Urkunde der Freiheiten
大宪章（拉丁语：Magna Carta，英语：The Great Charter）又被称作自由大宪章（拉丁语：Magna Carta Libertatum，英语：The Great Charter of the Liberties），是英格兰国王约翰最初于1215年6月15日在温莎附近的兰尼米德订立的拉丁文政治性授权文件；但在随后的版本中，大部分对英国王室绝对权力的直接挑战条目被删除；1225年首次成为法律；1297年的英文版本至今仍然是英格兰威尔士的有效法律。 这份由坎特伯里大主教史蒂芬·朗顿起草的大宪章乃封建贵族用来对抗英国国王（主要是针对当时的约翰）权力的封建权利保障协议。订立大宪章的主因是教皇、英王约翰及封建贵族对王室权力出现意见分歧。大宪章要求王室放弃部分权力，保护教会的权力，尊重司法过程，接受王权受法律的限制。大宪章是英国在建立宪法政治这长远历史过程的开始。
