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Die Appalachen (englisch Appalachian Mountains) sind ein bewaldetes Gebirgssystem im Osten Nordamerikas, das sich über eine Länge von 2400 Kilometer von den Long Range Mountains an der Westküste der kanadischen Insel Neufundland bis in den Norden des US-Bundesstaates Alabama erstreckt. Obwohl ihr höchster Gipfel mehr als 2000 Meter hoch ist, haben die Appalachen sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Höhe als auch ihrer Morphologie einen Mittelgebirgscharakter. Nur wenige Berge erheben sich über mehr als 1200 m Höhe, und viele Bergkuppen bleiben deutlich unter 800 m.
Benannt sind die Appalachen nach dem indigenen Stamm der Apalachee. Für die Appalachenregion als Kultur- und Wirtschaftsraum wird auch die Bezeichnung Appalachia verwendet.[1]
阿巴拉契亚山脉(英语:Appalachian Mountains),又译阿帕拉契山脉,是北美洲东部的一座山系。南起美国的阿拉巴马州,北至加拿大的纽芬兰和拉布拉多省。最北部余脉则延伸到魁北克的加斯佩地区。最高峰在北卡罗莱纳州的米切尔峰(2037米)。
构成阿巴拉契亚山脉的有纽芬兰省的长岭山、魁北克的圣母山、缅因州的朗费罗山、新罕布夏州的怀特山、佛蒙特州的格林山脉、塔库尼克山;马萨诸塞州的勃克夏山;跨宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州和西佛吉尼亚州三州的阿勒格尼山脉;跨宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州、西佛吉尼亚州以及佛吉尼亚州四州的阿巴拉契亚岭谷。还有从宾夕法尼亚州南部到佐治亚州北部的蓝岭山脉。
实际上阿巴拉契高地 严格的边界范围存有争议,阿第伦达克山脉一般被认为是属于加拿大地盾,而非阿巴拉契亚高地。
アパラチア山脈(Appalachian Mountains)は、カナダ及びアメリカ合衆国東北部に位置し、北東から南西方向に全長約2,600kmにわたって延びる丘陵・山脈。狭義では、そのうちのウエストバージニア州、バージニア州、ケンタッキー州、テネシー州、ノースカロライナ州等の南側の部分のみを指すこともある。
複雑に褶曲した山脈で、侵食が進んだ丘陵性の古い山脈である。北端はカナダニューファンドランド島で、そこから北アメリカ大陸東部を南西方向に縦断し、南端はアラバマ州の中央に至る。また、その裾野はミシシッピ州北西部にまで及んでいる。個々の山の標高は平均して1,000m前後で、最高峰はノースカロライナ州にあるミッチェル山(標高2,037m)。
山脈の西部では石油・石炭が盛んに採掘されているなど地下資源が豊富。山脈の東側には都市が発達している。国立公園が多く、グレート・スモーキー山脈国立公園やシェナンドー国立公園が有名である。
The Appalachian Mountains,[a] often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before experiencing natural erosion.[4][5] The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east–west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most highways and railroads running east–west.
Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack areas.[6][7] A common variant definition does not include the Adirondack Mountains, which geologically belong to the Grenville Orogeny and have a different geological history from the rest of the Appalachians.[8][9][10]
Les Appalaches sont une chaîne de montagnes située dans l'Est de l'Amérique du Nord et s'étendant de Terre-Neuve (Canada), au nord, jusqu'au centre de l'État de l'Alabama, au sud (États-Unis). Elle culmine au mont Mitchell (2 037 mètres) en Caroline du Nord.
Les Appalaches séparent la plaine côtière atlantique (à l'est) du bassin du fleuve Mississippi et des Grands Lacs (à l'ouest). Elles s'étirent sur près de 2 000 km de longueur.
L'exploitation du charbon, qui fournit la moitié de l'électricité américaine, y a fortement périclité, et l'industrie métallurgique est en grande difficulté.
Les Appalaches ont donné leur nom à un type de relief, le relief appalachien, qui désigne les vestiges d'une ancienne montagne fortement arasée. De longs couloirs s'étendent parallèlement à des échines rectilignes. Les cluses appalachiennes forment des passages étroits à travers les chaînons de la montagne.
Le Sentier des Appalaches (AT) parcourt les sommets de la chaîne depuis le Maine jusqu'à la Géorgie et le Sentier international des Appalaches (SIA - IAT) passe par les sommets du nord du Maine jusqu'au cap Gaspé, en Gaspésie. Leur point d'intersection est le sommet du mont Katahdin.
Gli Appalachi (AFI: /appaˈlaki/) o Appalaci (/appaˈlaʧi/[1]; in inglese Appalachian Mountains, in francese Appalaches) sono una catena montuosa situata nella parte orientale dell'America del Nord.
Si sviluppa, quasi parallelamente alla costa orientale atlantica, dal golfo del fiume San Lorenzo fino all'Alabama, per almeno 2500 km con picchi non molto elevati (i più alti sono con 2037 m il monte Mitchell e con 1917 m il monte Washington). Gli Appalachi riguardano anche l'isola di Terranova (Canada) e l'isola francese di Miquelon parte della collettività territoriale di Saint-Pierre e Miquelon[2][3]. La porzione sud degli Appalachi viene chiamata monti Unakas.
Per via dell'età geologica, gli Appalachi sono la catena montuosa più vecchia delle Americhe. Gli Appalachi statunitensi sono una delle zone economicamente più depresse degli Stati Uniti.
Apalaches o montes Apalaches (en inglés: Appalachian Mountains o Appalachians; en francés: Appalaches1) es una importante cordillera ubicada en el este de Norteamérica. Se extiende desde la Isla de Terranova en Canadá, pasado por la colectividad de ultramar francés de San Pedro y Miquelón, hasta Alabama en los Estados Unidos, aunque su parte más septentrional termina en la península de Gaspé, en Quebec. Constituye el elemento morfológico más sobresaliente de la parte oriental de América del Norte.
Se originó en antiguas montañas formadas en el periodo Paleozoico con relieves suavizados por la prolongada acción de los agentes exógenos. El sistema está dividido en una serie de cordilleras, en las que la medida de altura de los picos es de unos 1000 m s. n. m. (metros sobre el nivel del mar). La cima más elevada es el monte Mitchell, en Carolina del Norte, mide 2037 m s. n. m. y es el punto más alto de los Estados Unidos al este del río Misisipi y de todo el este de Norteamérica.
Аппала́чи[2] (англ. Appalachian Mountains) — горная система на востоке Северной Америки, в США и Канаде. Длина — 2600 км.
Северные Аппалачи (к северу от рек Мохок и Гудзон) — холмистое плоскогорье с отдельными массивами высотой до 1916 м (гора Вашингтон), имеют следы древнего оледенения. Южные Аппалачи в осевой зоне состоят из параллельных хребтов и массивов, разделённых широкими долинами; к осевой зоне прилегают с востока плато Пидмонт, с запада — Аппалачское плато. Высота — до 2037 м (гора Митчелл). В горах имеются месторождения каменного угля, нефти и газа, железных руд, титана; широколиственные, хвойные и смешанные леса.
Горы образовались в пермский период в результате столкновения двух материков (возникновение Пангеи).
Der U.S. Highway 1 (auch U.S. Route 1 oder US 1) ist ein Highway, der parallel zur US-amerikanischen Ostküste verläuft. Die Gesamtlänge beträgt 3846 Kilometer. Im Norden endet der Highway in Fort Kent in Maine an der kanadischen Grenze. Im Süden ist es Key West an Floridas Küste zum Golf von Mexiko. Die US Route 1 verläuft an vielen Orten parallel zur Interstate 95. Festgelegt wurde sie 1926 zunächst nur zwischen der kanadischen Grenze und dem U.S. Highway 94 in Miami.
Die wichtigsten Städte, die der Highway passiert, sind Miami, Columbia, Richmond, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston und Portland.
Der Highway trägt die Nummer eins, weil er der am östlichsten gelegene ist und Nord-Süd-Highways von Ost nach West nummeriert werden.
Last Modified on November 21, 2022 *Capacity noted in (MW) |
Plant | Location | Feedstock | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|
Agrilectric Power Partners Ltd. | LA | Rice hulls | 12.00 |
Albany Green Energy | GA | Forest residue, urban wood waste, pecan shells, peanut hulls | 50.00 |
Allendale Biomass | SC | Mill/forestry residue | 20.00 |
Altavista Power Station | VA | Woody biomass | 51.00 |
Arnold O. Chantland Incineration Plant | IA | MSW/Refused-derived fuel (RDF) | 4.00 |
Barron County Waste-to-Energy & Recycling Facility | WI | MSW | 2.00 |
Bay Front Power Plant | WI | Wood waste | 56.00 |
Biomass One | OR | Logging/wood debris | 30.00 |
Bridgewater Power LP | NH | Woody biomass | 20.00 |
Buckeye Florida Biomass | FL | Wood waste, black liquor | 69.40 |
Burgess BioPower | NH | Wood waste | 75.00 |
Burney Forest Power | CA | Wood waste | 31.00 |
Cadillac Renewable Energy | MI | Forest residue | 40.00 |
City of Spokane Waste to Energy Facility | WA | MSW | 22.00 |
Collins Pine Co. Power Plant | CA | Forest thinnings/residue | 12.00 |
Covanta Alexandria | VA | MSW | 22.00 |
Covanta Babylon | NY | MSW | 17.00 |
Covanta Bristol | CT | MSW | 16.00 |
Covanta Camden | NJ | MSW | 21.00 |
Covanta Dade | FL | MSW, wood waste | 77.00 |
Covanta Delaware Valley | PA | MSW | 87.00 |
Covanta Essex | NJ | MSW | 66.00 |
Covanta Fairfax | VA | MSW | 93.00 |
Covanta Harrisburg | PA | MSW | 21.00 |
Covanta Haverhill | MA | MSW | 45.00 |
Covanta Hempstead | NY | MSW | 72.00 |
Covanta Hillsborough | FL | MSW | 47.00 |
Covanta Honolulu | HI | MSW | 90.00 |
Covanta Huntington | NY | MSW | 24.00 |
Covanta Indianapolis | IN | MSW | 6.50 |
Covanta Kent | MI | MSW | 17.00 |
Covanta Lake | FL | MSW | 15.00 |
Covanta Lancaster | PA | MSW | 33.00 |
Covanta Lee | FL | MSW | 57.00 |
Covanta Long Beach | CA | MSW | 36.00 |
Covanta MacArthur | NY | MSW | 12.00 |
Covanta Marion | OR | MSW | 13.00 |
Covanta Montgomery | MD | MSW | 63.00 |
Covanta Niagara | NY | MSW | 50.00 |
Covanta Onondaga | NY | MSW | 39.00 |
Covanta Palm Beach Renewable Energy #1 | FL | MSW | 62.00 |
Covanta Palm Beach Renewable Energy #2 | FL | MSW | 95.00 |
Covanta Pasco | FL | MSW | 30.00 |
Covanta Pinellas | FL | MSW | 75.00 |
Covanta Plymouth | PA | MSW | 32.00 |
Covanta SECONN | CT | MSW | 17.00 |
Covanta SEMASS | MA | MSW | 78.00 |
Covanta Stanislaus | CA | MSW | 22.00 |
Covanta Tulsa | OK | MSW | 17.00 |
Covanta Union | NJ | MSW | 42.00 |
Covanta York | PA | MSW | 42.00 |
Cox Waste-to-Energy | KY | Wood waste | 5.00 |
Craven County Wood Energy | NC | Wood chips, forestry residue, mill waste, bark, sawdust, poultry litter | 50.00 |
Deerhaven Renewable Generating Station | FL | Wood waste | 102.50 |
Desert View Power | CA | Woody biomass | 45.00 |
DG Fairhaven Power | CA | Wood waste | 18.00 |
Dillard Complex Cogeneration Plant | OR | Mill residue | 51.50 |
Dorchester Biomass | SC | Mill/forestry residue | 20.00 |
Douglas County Forest Products | OR | Wood residue | 6.00 |
DTE Stockton Biomass Power | CA | Woody biomass, ag residue | 45.00 |
Eagle Valley Clean Energy | CO | Forest restoration thinnings/residue | 12.00 |
Ecomaine Waste-to-Energy Plant | ME | MSW | 14.00 |
Evergreen Biopower LLC | OR | Mill residue | 10.00 |
Fernandina Biomass Plant | FL | Mill residuals | 22.50 |
French Island Generating Station | WI | MSW/RDF, wood waste, railroad ties | 28.00 |
Genesee Power Station | MI | Landscaping/storm debris, waste wood | 40.00 |
Grayling Generating Station | MI | Forestry residue, mill waste, bark | 38.00 |
Green Energy Team LLC | HI | Eucalyptus, albizia | 7.50 |
GRP-Franklin LLC | GA | C&D waste | 65.00 |
GRP-Madison LLC | GA | C&D waste | 65.00 |
Halifax County Biomass Plant | VA | Logging waste, forest slash | 49.90 |
Hennepin Energy Recovery Center | MN | MSW | 40.00 |
Hillman Power LLC | MI | Wood waste | 20.00 |
Honey Lake Power | CA | High-hazard forest material/thinnings | 30.00 |
Hopewell Power Station | VA | Woody biomass | 51.00 |
Joseph C McNeil Generating Station | VT | Logging residue, bark, shavings, clean urban wood waste | 50.00 |
Kapstone Kraft Paper Corp.-Longview | WA | Mill residue, wood waste | 25.00 |
Kettle Falls Generating Station | WA | Logging/mill residue | 53.00 |
Koda Energy LLC | MN | Oat/rice hulls, corn, barley and malt screening, urban tree waste | 23.40 |
L'Anse Warden Electric Company | MI | Wood waste, railroad ties | 20.00 |
M.L. Hibbard Energy Center | MN | Wood waste | 72.80 |
Macon Mill | GA | Logging waste | 38.00 |
McKay Bay Refuse-to-Energy Plant | FL | MSW | 22.00 |
McKinley Paper Cogeneration Facility | WA | Logging/mill residue | 9.50 |
Merced Power | CA | Ag waste | 12.50 |
MMWAC Resource Recovery Facility | ME | MSW | 5.00 |
Mt. Poso Cogeneration Co. LLC | CA | Wood waste | 44.00 |
Multitrade Rabun Gap | GA | Woody biomass | 18.00 |
National Energy-Lincoln | MI | Wood waste | 18.00 |
National Energy-McBain | MI | Wood waste | 18.00 |
North Carolina Renewable Power | NC | C&D waste, wood waste, poultry litter | 22.00 |
North Fork Community Power | CA | High-hazard forest material | 2.00 |
Novo BioPower LLC | AZ | Wood waste | 27.00 |
Okeelanta Biomass Cogeneration | FL | Baggasse, natural gas | 74.90 |
Olmsted Waste-To-Energy Facility | MN | MSW | 9.60 |
Oswego Energy Recovery Facility | NY | MSW | 4.00 |
Pacific Ultrapower Chinese Station | CA | Woody biomass | 25.00 |
Penobscot Energy Recovery | ME | MSW | 25.00 |
Piedmont Green Power | GA | Urban wood waste, mill and logging residue | 55.00 |
Plainfield Renewable Energy | CT | C&D/forestry waste | 37.50 |
Plummer Cogen | ID | Wood waste | 6.20 |
Potlatch Land & Lumber Power Plant | AR | Bark, sawdust, shavings | 10.00 |
Rapids Energy Center | MN | Logging/mill residue | 28.60 |
Red Wing Generating Station | MN | MSW/RDF | 22.00 |
ReEnergy Black River | NY | Woody biomass | 60.00 |
ReEnergy Livermore Falls | ME | Forest residue, C&D waste | 39.00 |
ReEnergy Stratton | ME | Forest/mill residue | 48.00 |
Resolute Forest Products Coosa Pines | AL | Wood-processing waste | 30.00 |
Rio Bravo Fresno | CA | Ag/urban wood waste | 24.30 |
Rio Bravo Rocklin | CA | High-hazard forest material, ag/urban waste | 24.40 |
RockTenn-Tacoma Mill | WA | Mill residue | 55.00 |
Roseburg Forest Products Biomass | CA | Wood waste | 13.00 |
Rothschild Biomass Cogeneration Plant | WI | Urban wood waste, mill residue | 50.00 |
Savannah River Site Biomass Cogeneration Facility | SC | Forest residue | 20.00 |
Scotia Cogen | CA | Wood waste | 28.00 |
SDS Lumber Gorge Energy Division | WA | Logging/mill residue | 10.00 |
Shasta-Sustainable Resource Management | CA | Wood waste, forest residue | 56.00 |
Southampton Power Station | VA | Woody biomass | 51.00 |
Southern Co. Nacogdoches Generating Facility | TX | Forest/wood processing residue | 115.00 |
SPI-Aberdeen Biomass Power | WA | Logging/mill residue | 18.00 |
SPI-Anderson Biomass Power | CA | Logging/mill residue | 30.00 |
SPI-Burlington Biomass Power | WA | Logging/mill residue | 28.00 |
SPI-Burney | CA | Logging/mill residue | 20.00 |
SPI-Eugene | OR | Mill, forest residue | 19.80 |
SPI-Lincoln Biomass Power | CA | Logging/mill residue | 18.00 |
SPI-Quincy Biomass Power | CA | Mill residue | 35.20 |
SPI-Sonora Biomass Power | CA | Logging/mill residue | 10.90 |
St. Paul Cogeneration LLC | MN | Urban wood residue | 33.00 |
Stoltze Cogeneration Power Plant | MT | Mill residue | 3.00 |
Stored Solar Bethlehem | NH | Logging residue, forest thinnings | 20.00 |
Stored Solar Fitchburg | MA | Woody biomass | 17.00 |
Stored Solar Jonesboro | ME | Woody biomass | 25.00 |
Stored Solar Ryegate | VT | Woody biomass | 20.00 |
Stored Solar Springfield | NH | Woody biomass | 19.00 |
Stored Solar Tamworth | NH | Woody biomass | 20.00 |
Stored Solar West Enfield | ME | Woody biomass | 25.00 |
Stored Solar Whitefield | NH | Woody biomass | 15.00 |
Telogia Power | FL | Logging/mill residue, hog fuel, peanut hulls | 14.00 |
U.S. Sugar Corp. Cogeneration Plant | FL | Bagasse | 50.00 |
Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center | VA | *Woody biomass | 120.00 |
Wadham Energy LP | CA | Rice hulls | 30.00 |
Westervelt Renewable Energy Moundville | AL | Wood waste | 13.00 |
WestRock Covington | VA | Logging, papermaking residue | 75.00 |
Wheelabrator Baltimore | MD | MSW | 64.50 |
Wheelabrator Bridgeport | CT | MSW | 67.00 |
Wheelabrator Concord | NH | MSW | 14.00 |
Wheelabrator Dutchess County | NY | MSW | 9.00 |
Wheelabrator Falls | PA | MSW | 53.00 |
Wheelabrator Gloucester | NJ | MSW | 14.00 |
Wheelabrator Hudson Falls | NY | MSW | 14.00 |
Wheelabrator Lisbon | CT | MSW | 15.00 |
Wheelabrator Millbury | MA | MSW | 48.00 |
Wheelabrator North Andover | MA | MSW | 40.00 |
Wheelabrator Portsmouth | VA | MSW | 60.00 |
Wheelabrator Saugus | MA | MSW | 54.00 |
Wheelabrator South Broward | FL | MSW | 66.00 |
Wheelabrator Westchester LP | NY | MSW | 60.00 |
Wilmarth Generating Station | MN | MSW/RDF, woody biomass | 18.00 |
Woodland Biomass Power | CA | Wood chips, urban wood waste, ag waste | 25.00 |
Total Plants: 159 | Total capacity(MW): | 5,583.90 |
Die Südstaaten sind eine Großregion im Südosten der USA. Nach der geografisch orientierten Definition des United States Census Bureau bestehen die Südstaaten aus insgesamt 16 Staaten mit knapp 100 Millionen Einwohnern auf 2.384.143 km². Es handelt sich um jene 15 eher östlichen Bundesstaaten, die südlich der Mason-Dixon-Linie, der Grenze zwischen Pennsylvania und Maryland, liegen und in denen bis 1865 die Sklavenhaltung erlaubt war, sowie Oklahoma, das erst 1907 gegründet wurde.
美国南部(英语:Southern United States,或 American South)也经常被简称为美南、迪克西、或直接称为南部,构成了美国南部至东南部的一片广大地区。这个地区带有相当特殊的文化和历史背景,包括了早期欧洲殖民时期留下的痕迹、对于州权原则的坚持、早期的奴隶制度、以及在联盟国分离时于美国内战中受到的冲击,该地发展出了美国其他地区相异的独特文学、音乐、料理等文化传统。