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漢德百科全書 | 汉德百科全书
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Im Vietnamkrieg kamen erstmals in größerem Ausmaß Hubschrauber zum Einsatz. Die eingesetzten Modelle waren jedoch überwiegend für Transport- und Aufklärungsaufgaben und nicht für Kampfeinsätze entwickelt worden und nur unzureichend bewaffnet. Zusätzlich bereitete das Tropenklima Schwierigkeiten, da besonders die hoch beanspruchten Bauteile bei der vorherrschenden hohen Luftfeuchtigkeit und Temperatur korrodierten.
Die US-Army schrieb deshalb 1972 einen Entwicklungsauftrag für einen tropenfesten, allwettertauglichen schweren Kampfhubschrauber aus. Das Ergebnis war die AH-56 „Cheyenne“ von Lockheed, ein Kampfhubschrauber für Sturzflugangriffe mit hohen Geschwindigkeiten. Dieses Konzept war in dem Moment überholt, als sich im Praxiseinsatz herausstellte, dass der Hubschrauber durch diese Taktik extrem verwundbar für in seinen Sturzflugwinkel abgefeuerte Boden-Luft-Raketen war. Da das ganze Design der Cheyenne aber auf den Sturzangriff fußte, war das Cheyenne-Konzept nicht nur gefährlich, sondern auch nicht mehr zu verändern und das Projekt AH-56 wurde eingestellt.
Das US-Heer wünschte sich für den zweiten Anlauf zusätzlich höhere Manövrierfähigkeit, Nachteinsatzfähigkeit und herausragende Tiefflugfähigkeiten und war ursprünglich für den Einsatz in bewaldeten, hügeligen und gebirgigen Gebieten Europas und Asiens konzipiert. All dieses konnte der Hughes YAH-64 Prototyp bei seinen Testflügen ab 30. September 1975 eindrucksvoll unter Beweis stellen, so dass der Hubschrauber nach einer gründlichen Testphase 1982 in die Serienproduktion gehen konnte. Bis ins Jahr 2000 wurden dann 1048 Apache in verschiedenen Versionen gebaut und ausgeliefert.[1](Quelle:wikipedia)
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