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Catalog Chile

Osterinsel/Isla de Pascua - Rapa Nui
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Concha y Toro
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Centro de Estudios Públicos

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ENAP Refinerías
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Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos
Ort Ñuñoa, Santiago de Chile, Chile Eigentümer Chiledeportes Eröffnung 3. Dezember 1938 Erstes Spiel Colo Colo – São Cristóvão 6:2 Renovierungen 2009–2010 Oberfläche Naturrasen Kosten 18 Mio. chil$ (1938) Architekt Karl Brunner (1938) Kapazität 50.000 Plätze Spielfläche 105 × 68 m Heimspielbetrieb CF Universidad de Chile

Veranstaltungen Spiele der chilenischen Fußballnationalmannschaft Campeonato Sudamericano 1941 Campeonato Sudamericano 1945 Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones (1948) Basketball-Weltmeisterschaft der Damen 1953 Campeonato Sudamericano 1955 Endspiel der Copa Chile 1958, 1959, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2016 Basketball-Weltmeisterschaft der Herren 1959 Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1962 Finalspiele der Copa Libertadores 1965, 1966, 1967, 1974, 1976, 1982, 1987, 1993 Finale im Tennis-Davis Cup 1976 Südamerikaspiele 1986 Junioren-Fußballweltmeisterschaft 1987 Copa América 1991 Leichtathletik-Juniorenweltmeisterschaften 2000 Finalrückspiel der Copa Sudamericana 2006 Südamerikaspiele 2014 Copa América 2015 Panamerikanische Spiele 2023

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Almaviva
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Feuerland/Archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego
火地群岛(西班牙语:Archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego),是南美洲最南端的一个岛屿群,由主岛大火地岛及周边小岛组成,总面积73,753平方公里。其主岛大火地岛西半部以及其西、南部的全部岛屿均归属于智利境内麦哲伦-智利南极大区的火地省、智利南极省和麦哲伦省,当中南端合恩岛的合恩角是南美洲智利火地群岛南端的陆岬,广泛认为是南美洲的最南端。其余部分(即主岛东半部)则归阿根廷,并设火地省。

Feuerland (spanisch Tierra del Fuego („Land des Feuers“), früher Magellanica (nach Ferdinand Magellan)) ist eine Inselgruppe an der Südspitze Südamerikas. Vom Festland ist sie durch die Magellanstraße getrennt. Die Inselgruppe hat eine Landfläche von 73.746 km²; davon entfallen 47.000 km² auf die Hauptinsel Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Feuerland wurde 1881 durch den Meridian 68° 36′ westlicher Länge in einen östlichen Teil für Argentinien (heute die Provinz Tierra del Fuego) und einen westlichen Teil für Chile (heute die Region Magallanes) aufgeteilt. Im argentinischen Teil leben etwa 127.000 Menschen und im chilenischen Teil etwa 8000.

Bei der Erkundung der Magellanstraße 1520 fanden Magellan und seine Männer im Norden keine Siedlungen, doch im Süden der Meerenge sahen sie des Nachts vom Schiff aus viele Feuer, wie Magellans Chronist Antonio Pigafetta berichtet. Der Generalkapitän Magellan nannte das Land entsprechend „Feuerland“.

火地群岛(西班牙语:Archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego),是南美洲最南端的一个岛屿群,由主岛大火地岛及周边小岛组成,总面积73,753平方公里。其主岛大火地岛西半部以及其西、南部的全部岛屿均归属于智利境内麦哲伦-智利南极大区火地省智利南极省麦哲伦省,当中南端合恩岛合恩角是南美洲智利火地群岛南端的陆岬,广泛认为是南美洲的最南端。其余部分(即主岛东半部)则归阿根廷,并设火地省

火地群岛北隔麦哲伦海峡与南美洲大陆相望,向南则隔世界上最宽的海峡——德雷克海峡南极洲相望,火地岛因此也成为各国南极考察的重要基地之一。

1520年,麦哲伦在其环球航行中发现该群岛,他看见岛上的印第安人燃起了许多烟柱,于是将该群岛命名为火地群岛。他以为那是印第安人准备袭击他的船队的信号,但其实那可能仅仅是因为闪电引起的天火。

英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文曾经登岛以观察岛屿上的特有物种

1881年,智利和阿根廷分治火地群岛并划定边界。在此之前,两国都声称拥有整个群岛的全部主权。

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Partido Demócrata Cristiano,PDC
 
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Goldener Schuh/FIFA World Cup awards Golden Shoe/Golden Boot/Top Goalscorer
1978 Argentina  Mario Kempes, 1982 Spain  Paolo Rossi, 1986 Mexico  Gary Lineker, 1990 Italy  Salvatore Schillaci, 1994 United States  Oleg Salenko  Hristo Stoichkov, 1998 France  Davor Šuker, 2002 South Korea/Japan  Ronaldo, 2006 Germany  Miroslav Klose, 2010 South Africa  Thomas Müller, 2014 Brazil  James Rodríguez, 2018 Russia  Harry Kane, 2022 Qatar  Kylian Mbappé
 
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Top goalscorer[45][46]
World Cup Top goalscorer Goals Runners-up Goals Third place Goals
1930 Uruguay Argentina Guillermo Stábile 8 Uruguay Pedro Cea 5 United States Bert Patenaude 4
1934 Italy Czechoslovakia Oldřich Nejedlý 5[a] Germany Edmund Conen
Italy Angelo Schiavio
4 None

1938 France Brazil Leônidas 7[b] Hungary György Sárosi
Hungary Gyula Zsengellér
Italy Silvio Piola
5 None

1950 Brazil Brazil Ademir 9[c] Uruguay Óscar Míguez 5 Uruguay Alcides Ghiggia
Brazil Chico
Spain Estanislau Basora
Spain Telmo Zarra
4
1954 Switzerland Hungary Sándor Kocsis 11 Switzerland Josef Hügi
West Germany Max Morlock
Austria Erich Probst
6 None

1958 Sweden France Just Fontaine 13 Brazil Pelé
West Germany Helmut Rahn
6 None

1962 Chile Hungary Flórián Albert
Soviet Union Valentin Ivanov
Brazil Garrincha
Brazil Vavá
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dražan Jerković
Chile Leonel Sánchez
4 None

None

1966 England Portugal Eusébio 9 West Germany Helmut Haller 6 West Germany Franz Beckenbauer
Hungary Ferenc Bene
England Geoff Hurst
Soviet Union Valeriy Porkujan
4
1970 Mexico West Germany Gerd Müller 10 Brazil Jairzinho 7 Peru Teófilo Cubillas 5
1974 West Germany Poland Grzegorz Lato 7 Netherlands Johan Neeskens
Poland Andrzej Szarmach
5 None

1978 Argentina[50] Argentina Mario Kempes 6 Peru Teófilo Cubillas 5 Netherlands Rob Rensenbrink 5
Golden Shoe[44]
World Cup Golden Shoe Goals Silver Shoe Goals Bronze Shoe Goals
1982 Spain Italy Paolo Rossi 6 West Germany Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 5 Brazil Zico 4
1986 Mexico England Gary Lineker 6 Spain Emilio Butragueño
Brazil Careca
Argentina Diego Maradona
5 None[51]
1990 Italy Italy Salvatore Schillaci 6 Czechoslovakia Tomáš Skuhravý 5 England Gary Lineker
Cameroon Roger Milla
4
1994 United States Russia Oleg Salenko[d]
Bulgaria Hristo Stoichkov[e]
6 None

Sweden Kennet Andersson
Brazil Romário
5[f]
1998 France[54] Croatia Davor Šuker 6 Argentina Gabriel Batistuta
Italy Christian Vieri
5 None[g]
2002 South Korea/Japan[55] Brazil Ronaldo 8[h] Germany Miroslav Klose
Brazil Rivaldo
5
2006 Germany[57] Germany Miroslav Klose 5 Argentina Hernán Crespo 3[i] Brazil Ronaldo 3[i]
Golden Boot[44]
World Cup Golden Boot Goals Silver Boot Goals Bronze Boot Goals
2010 South Africa Germany Thomas Müller 5[j] Spain David Villa 5[j] Netherlands Wesley Sneijder 5[j]
2014 Brazil Colombia James Rodríguez 6 Germany Thomas Müller 5 Brazil Neymar 4[k]
2018 Russia England Harry Kane 6 France Antoine Griezmann 4[l] Belgium Romelu Lukaku 4[l]
2022 Qatar France Kylian Mbappé 8 Argentina Lionel Messi 7 France Olivier Giroud 4[m]
Notes
  1. ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy and Edmund Conen of Germany. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer.[47]
  2. ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals. However, in November 2006, FIFA confirmed that in the quarter-final tie against Czechoslovakia, he had scored once, not twice as FIFA had originally recorded, meaning he had scored only seven goals in total.[47]
  3. ^ There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain (6–1). The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir.[48][49]
  4. ^ Salenko is the only player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stage. His six goals are the only international goals he ever scored.
  5. ^ Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with six goals and one assist each, and both received the Golden Shoe.[52]
  6. ^ Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals (Jürgen Klinsmann and Roberto Baggio) by having three assists each.[52][53]
  7. ^ Both runners-up had the same number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe.
  8. ^ During the tournament, after the group stage match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal, and FIFA granted him the change.[56]
  9. Jump up to:a b Eight players had scored three goals. Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime (308 minutes for Crespo, 411 for Ronaldo, 559 for Zidane).[58]
  10. Jump up to:a b c Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals. Müller won by virtue of having more assists (three) than the rest (each had one). Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder, and Sneijder won the Bronze Boot due to having played fewer minutes than Forlán.[59]
  11. ^ Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors (480; Messi played 693 minutes, and Van Persie, 548).[60]
  12. Jump up to:a b Griezmann, Lukaku, Denis CheryshevCristiano Ronaldo and Kylian Mbappé tied with four goals. In the assists tiebreaker, Griezmann won the Silver Boot by virtue of having two, while Lukaku got the Bronze Boot as he had one. The rest had zero.[61]
  13. ^ Giroud and Julián Álvarez tied with four goals. Giroud won the Bronze Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Álvarez.[62]
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Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD/Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE
经济合作与发展组织(简称经合组织;英语:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,OECD)是全球36个市场经济国家组成的政府间国际组织,总部设在法国巴黎米埃特堡(Château de la Muette)。
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Die Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OWZE;[2] englisch Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD; französisch Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) ist eine internationale Organisation mit 37 Mitgliedstaaten, die sich der Demokratie und Marktwirtschaft verpflichtet fühlen. Die meisten Mitglieder gehören zu den Ländern mit hohem Pro-Kopf-Einkommen und gelten als entwickelte Länder. Sitz der Organisation und ihrer Vorgängerorganisation, der Organisation für europäische wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit (englisch Organisation for European Economic Co-operation OEEC) ist seit 1949 Schloss La Muette in Paris.[3]
 
经济合作与发展组织(简称经合组织;英语:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,OECD)是全球36个市场经济国家组成的政府间国际组织,总部设在法国巴黎米埃特堡(Château de la Muette)。

経済協力開発機構(けいざいきょうりょくかいはつきこう)は、国際経済全般について協議することを目的とした国際機関公用語の正式名称は、英語では"Organisation[1] for Economic Co-operation and Development"(イギリス英語表記)、フランス語では"Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques"。略称は英語ではOECD、フランス語ではOCDE

本部事務局はパリ16区の旧ラ・ミュエット宮殿フランス語版に置かれている。事務総長はアンヘル・グリア

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; French: Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 37 member countries,[1] founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Generally, OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. As of 2017, the OECD member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of global nominal GDP (US$49.6 trillion)[3] and 42.8% of global GDP (Int$54.2 trillion) at purchasing power parity.[4] The OECD is an official United Nations observer.[5]

In 1948, the OECD originated as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC),[6] led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Plan (which was rejected by the Soviet Union and its satellite states).[7] This would be achieved by allocating United States financial aid and implementing economic programs for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. (Similar reconstruction aid was sent to the war-torn Republic of China and post-war Korea, but not under the name "Marshall Plan".)[8]

In 1961, the OEEC was reformed into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and membership was extended to non-European states.[9][10] The OECD's headquarters are at the Château de la Muette in Paris, France.[11] The OECD is funded by contributions from member countries at varying rates and had a total budget of €386 million in 2019.[2]

Although OECD does not have a power to enforce its decisions, which further require unanimous vote from its members, it is recognized as highly influential publisher of mostly economic data through publications as well as annual evaluations and rankings of members countries.[12]

L'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) est une organisation internationale d'études économiques, dont les pays membres — des pays développés pour la plupart — ont en commun un système de gouvernement démocratique et une économie de marché. Elle joue essentiellement un rôle d'assemblée consultative1.

L'OCDE a succédé à l'Organisation européenne de coopération économique (OECE) issue du plan Marshall et de la Conférence des Seize (Conférence de coopération économique européenne) qui a existé de 1948 à 1960. Son but était l'établissement d'une organisation permanente chargée en premier lieu d'assurer la mise en œuvre du programme de relèvement commun (le plan Marshall), et, en particulier, d'en superviser la répartition2.

En 2020, l'OCDE compte 37 pays membres et regroupe plusieurs centaines d'experts. Elle publie fréquemment des études économiques et sociales — analyses, prévisions et recommandations de politique économique — et des statistiques, principalement concernant ses pays membres.

Le siège de l'OCDE se situe à Paris (16e), au château de la Muette. L'organisation possède également des bureaux dans plusieurs autres métropoles, notamment à Berlin, Mexico, Tokyo et Washington.

L'Organizzazione per la cooperazione e lo sviluppo economico (OCSE) – in inglese Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), e in francese Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) – è un'organizzazione internazionale di studi economici per i paesi membri, paesi sviluppati aventi in comune un'economia di mercato.

L'organizzazione svolge prevalentemente un ruolo di assemblea consultiva che consente un'occasione di confronto delle esperienze politiche, per la risoluzione dei problemi comuni, l'identificazione di pratiche commerciali e il coordinamento delle politiche locali e internazionali dei paesi membri[1]. Ha sede a Parigi nello Château de la Muette[2].

Gli ultimi paesi ad aver aderito all'OCSE sono la Colombia (28 aprile 2020),la Lettonia (1º luglio 2016) e la Lituania (5 luglio 2018), per un totale di 36 paesi membri.

La Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico1​ (OCDE) es un organismo de cooperación internacional, compuesto por 37 estados,34​ cuyo objetivo es coordinar sus políticas económicas y sociales. La OCDE fue fundada en 1961 y su sede central se encuentra en el Château de la Muette en París (Francia). Los idiomas oficiales de la entidad son el francés y el inglés.2

En la OCDE, los representantes de los países miembros se reúnen para intercambiar información y armonizar políticas con el objetivo de maximizar su crecimiento económico y colaborar a su desarrollo y al de los países no miembros.

Conocida como «club de los países ricos»,56​ a partir de 2017, sus países miembros comprendieron colectivamente el 62,2 % del PIB nominal global (US$49,6 billones) y el 42,8 % del PIB global (Int US$54,2 billones).7

Организа́ция экономи́ческого сотру́дничества и разви́тия (сокр. ОЭСР, англ. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) — международная экономическая организация развитых стран, признающих принципы представительной демократии и свободной рыночной экономики.

Создана в 1948 году под названием Организа́ция европе́йского экономи́ческого сотру́дничества (англ. Organisation for European Economic Co-operation, OEEC) для координации проектов экономической реконструкции Европы в рамках плана Маршалла.

Штаб-квартира организации располагается в Шато де ла Мюетт, в Париже. Генеральный секретарь (с 2006 года) — Хосе Анхель Гурриа Тревиньо (Мексика). Руководящим органом ОЭСР является совет представителей стран — членов организации. Все решения в нём принимаются на основе консенсуса.

По данным на 2011 год, в странах ОЭСР проживало 18 % населения мира[2].

 

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Giant Magellan Telescope
Das Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) ist ein geplantes Riesenteleskop im Las-Campanas-Observatorium im Hochland von Chile, das im Jahr 2029 fertiggestellt werden soll. Nach seiner genauen Kalibrierung soll es etwa das zehnfache Auflösungsvermögen (Trennschärfe) des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops haben. Sein Name lässt die „Verwandtschaft“ mit den beiden Magellan-Teleskopen der chilenischen Las Campanas-Sternwarte anklingen.
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Das Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) ist ein geplantes Riesenteleskop im Las-Campanas-Observatorium im Hochland von Chile, das im Jahr 2023 fertiggestellt werden soll.[1] Nach seiner genauen Kalibrierung soll es etwa das zehnfache Auflösungsvermögen (Trennschärfe) des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops haben. Sein Name lässt die „Verwandtschaft“ mit den beiden Magellan-Teleskopen der chilenischen Las Campanas-Sternwarte anklingen. 
 
巨型麦哲伦望远镜 (Giant Magellan Telescope,GMT) 是预计在2020年完工启用的地基极端巨大望远镜 [5]。它包含7个直径8.4米(27.6英尺)的主镜[6],解析力相当于24.5米(80.4英尺)的主镜,而集光力等同于21.4米(70.2英尺)的单镜[7]。预计这架望远镜的集光力 会是现有仪器的4倍,其中两片镜片已经熔铸好,安置的山头也已经备妥[8]。 
 
巨大マゼラン望遠鏡(きょだいマゼランぼうえんきょう、Giant Magellan Telescope、GMT)とは、ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡の後継機にあたるジェームズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡との連携観測を主目的とした超大型地上望遠鏡である。 
 

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is a ground-based extremely large telescope under construction, planned for completion in 2025.[1] It will consist of seven 8.4 m (27.6 ft) diameter primary segments,[2] that will observe optical and near infrared (320–25000 nm[3]) light, with the resolving power of a 24.5 m (80.4 ft) primary mirror and collecting area equivalent to a 22.0 m (72.2 ft) one,[4] which is about 368 square meters.[5] (7×8.365 m) The telescope is expected to have the resolving power 10 times greater than the Hubble Space Telescope, and will be the largest optical observatory in the world, at the time of its first light. As of December 2015, four mirrors have been cast and the construction of the summit facility has begun.[6][7]

A total of seven primary mirrors are planned, but it will begin operation with four.[8][9] The $1 billion project is US-led in partnership with Australia, Brazil, and South Korea, with Chile as the host country.

Le télescope géant Magellan (en anglais Giant Magellan Telescope, en abrégé GMT) est un projet de télescope terrestre dont la livraison est prévue pour 20223 . Il sera constitué de sept miroirs primaires de 8,4 m de diamètre4, avec la résolution spatiale d'un miroir primaire de 24,5 m de diamètre et une surface collectrice équivalente à celle d'un miroir de 21,4 m5, ce qui en fait un des trois télescopes extrêmement grands. Ce télescope a une surface collectrice quatre fois supérieure au plus grand télescope actuel (2010). 

Il Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) è un telescopio di elevate prestazioni in fase di costruzione, la cui ultimazione è prevista entro il 2025.[5]

Sarà costituito da sette telescopi riflettori di 8,4 metri di diametro, installati presso l'Osservatorio di Las Campanas, in Cile.
Il nome è stato scelto per analogia coi due Telescopi Magellano già operativi a Las Campanas.

Il primo specchio, realizzato presso l'Osservatorio Steward, in Arizona, è stato ultimato in autunno 2012[6] e dislocato in un sito temporaneo in attesa del trasporto a Las Campas a settembre 2017[7].

El Telescopio Gigante de Magallanes (TGM o GMT en inglés) es un proyecto de telescopio terrestre de grandes dimensiones planeado para completarse en 2020. Se compondrá de siete segmentos primarios de 8,4 metros de diámetro, con el poder de resolución de un espejo primario de 24,5 metros de diámetro y la superficie de recolección de 22 metros. Se espera que tenga más de 5-10 veces la capacidad de captación de luz de los instrumentos existentes. Ya se han producido cuatro de los siete espejos y la cima de la montaña está preparada para la construcción. El astrónomo jefe encargado del proyecto es Mark M. Phillips

Гигантский Магелланов телескоп (англ. Giant Magellan Telescope; ГМТ) — наземный телескоп, строительство которого намечено завершить в 2022 году[2]. Телескоп начнёт производить первые измерения в 2024 году, а полностью функциональным станет в 2026.

В качестве собирающего свет элемента будет использоваться система из семи первичных зеркал диаметром 8,4 м[3] и весом 20 тонн каждое[4]. Суммарная апертура телескопа будет соответствовать телескопу с зеркалом диаметром 24,5 м[5]. Ожидается, что телескоп вчетверо превысит способность собирать свет по сравнению с крупнейшими на данный момент. ГМТ будет иметь разрешающую способность в 10 раз выше, чем у телескопа Хаббла. Благодаря ГМТ астрономы смогут открывать экзопланеты и получать их спектры, изучать свойства неуловимых тёмной материи и тёмной энергии.

 

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