Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科

       
German — Chinese
Catalog Liaoning Sheng-LN

恒力石化

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沈阳飞机工业集团
 
 
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沈阳天主教堂/Sacred Heart Cathedral of Shenyang
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赫图阿拉城/ᡥᡝᡨᡠ ᠠᠯᠠ/Hetu Ala
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红海滩国家风景区
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红山文化
红山文化是中国北方地区较重要的新石器时期文化,因发现于热河省(今属内蒙古)的红山而得名,是一个以农业为主的新石器时代文化,距今约5000至8000年前,持续时间约2000年。该文化最早发现于1908年,在1924、1930和1935年由日本考古学者进行了连续发掘。红山文化以辽河流域中辽河支流西拉沐沦河、老哈河、大凌河为中心,分布面积达20万平方公里,距今五、六千年左右,延续时间达两千年之久。红山文化的社会形态初期处于母系氏族社会的全盛时期,主要社会结构是以女性血缘群体为纽带的部落集团,晚期逐渐向父系氏族过渡。

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回族/chinesische Muslime; Dunganen
回族,中国民族之一,族名来自唐朝回鹘,古代又称回回或畏兀儿,世居于黄河流域西北地带,由内蒙古至山西、陕西、甘肃,以至于新疆和中亚一带,先祖主要为突厥人,但混有蒙古人、波斯人、大月氏、塞种人、粟特人、阿拉伯人,以至于羌族与汉族等不同血统。蒙古帝国时,以突厥人为主的中亚、西亚色目人,皆被统称为回回,居住在黄河西北地带的突厥部落也被包括在其中。受中亚与西亚中伊斯兰教传播的影响,许多回族成为穆斯林,伊斯兰教被称为回教。也因此,在元代之后,由新疆至中国南方,所有穆斯林群体,不分血统,都被称为回族,回族因此遍布全中国。其中,长期居住于中国本部的族群,除了伊斯兰教信仰外,血统、语言大部分已汉化,使用汉语,从外貌上与汉族难以区分。
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回族是中国人口较多的一个少数民族,中国的31个省、自治区、直辖市均有分布。宁夏回族自治区是其主要聚居区,宁夏回族自治区拥有回族人口186.25万,占全国回族总人口的18.9%。另外,回族人口在20万以上的地区还有:北京、河北、内蒙古、辽宁、安徽、山东、河南、云南、甘肃和新疆等。 

回族的族源可以追溯到唐代,学术界一般认为回族大致形成于明代,而元代是回族形成的准备时期,明代是回族最终形成的时期。各地回族还以不同的形式参加反抗帝国主义侵略的斗争,五四运动和中国共产党成立,为回族人民的彻底解放指明了方向。

不论在政治、经济、文化上,回回民族在历史上都涌现过不少杰出的人物,对当时人民生活和生产建设都作出了积极的贡献。

根据《中国统计年鉴-2021》,中国(不包括台湾省)境内回族的人口数为11377914人。

 
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葫芦岛

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浑江
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我爱你塞北的雪/Ich liebe dich, den Schnee an der Nordgrenze /I Love You, the Snow in Northern Frontier
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中国科学院沈阳金属研究所
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沈阳桃仙国际机场/Shenyang Taoxian International Airport
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