United States
Washington, D.C.
白宫新闻发言人（White House Press Secretary，香港称白宫发言人，台湾称白宫发言人或白宫新闻秘书）[1][2]，是白宫中的一个高级别行政官员职位，主要职责是担任美国联邦政府行政部门的发言人，尤其与美国总统、高级行政官员和政策有关的事务。
白宫新闻发言人需要收集和发布与美国总统及其领导的联邦政府行政部门有关的新闻和信息，并且更重要的是要对于许多国内外的突发或关注度比较高的事件作出回应，其回应一般会被直接认为是美国总统所作出的官方回应。
白宫新闻发言人在日常工作中必须与新闻媒体保持高度互动，并且几乎每天都要直接与常驻白宫新闻办公厅的各大媒体组成的白宫记者团打交道并举行新闻发布会。
白宫新闻发言人由美国总统任命，无须经美国参议院同意；白宫新闻发言人经常主持新闻发布会，为非常重要的非内阁成员。
Der Pressesprecher des Weißen Hauses (englisch White House Press Secretary) ist eine hochrangige Funktion im Weißen Haus. Der Inhaber leitet das Office of the Press Secretary of the White House (dt.: Presseamt des Weißen Hauses) und hat die Aufgabe, Regierungserklärungen, insbesondere des Präsidenten, des Vizepräsidenten sowie weiterer hochrangiger Regierungspolitiker der Presse zuzuführen. Er ist vergleichbar mit dem Regierungssprecher bzw. dem Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung in Deutschland. Daneben gibt es auch die Position des Kommunikationsdirektors des Weißen Hauses, mit dem der Pressesprecher üblicherweise eng zusammenarbeitet.
Der Pressesprecher des Weißen Hauses ist für die Veröffentlichung von Regierungsinformationen an die Medien (hauptsächlich Journalisten) zuständig und hat täglich – meistens durch das „daily press briefing“ – mit den beim Weißen Haus akkreditierten Journalisten Kontakt.
| Image | Name | Start | End | Duration | President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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George Akerson | March 4, 1929 | March 16, 1931 | 2 years, 12 days | Herbert Hoover | |
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Ted Joslin | March 16, 1931 | March 4, 1933 | 1 year, 353 days | ||
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Stephen Early | March 4, 1933 | March 29, 1945 | 12 years, 25 days | Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
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Jonathan Daniels | March 29, 1945 | May 15, 1945 | 47 days | ||
| Harry S. Truman | ||||||
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Charlie Ross | May 15, 1945 | December 5, 1950 | 5 years, 204 days | ||
|
Stephen Early Acting |
December 5, 1950 | December 18, 1950 | 13 days | ||
 |
Joseph Short | December 18, 1950 | September 18, 1952 | 1 year, 288 days | ||
 |
Roger Tubby | September 18, 1952 | January 20, 1953 | 124 days | ||
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James Hagerty | January 20, 1953 | January 20, 1961 | 8 years, 0 days | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
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Pierre Salinger | January 20, 1961 | March 19, 1964 | 3 years, 59 days | John F. Kennedy | |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | ||||||
|
George Reedy | March 19, 1964 | July 8, 1965 | 1 year, 111 days | ||
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Bill Moyers | July 8, 1965 | February 1, 1967 | 1 year, 208 days | ||
 |
George Christian | February 1, 1967 | January 20, 1969 | 1 year, 354 days | ||
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Ron Ziegler | January 20, 1969 | August 9, 1974 | 5 years, 201 days | Richard Nixon | |
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Jerald terHorst | August 9, 1974 | September 9, 1974 | 31 days | Gerald Ford | |
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Ron Nessen | September 9, 1974 | January 20, 1977 | 2 years, 133 days | ||
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Jody Powell | January 20, 1977 | January 20, 1981 | 4 years, 0 days | Jimmy Carter | |
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Jim Brady[a] | January 20, 1981 | March 30, 1981 (de facto) January 20, 1989 (de jure) |
69 days/ 8 years, 0 days |
Ronald Reagan | |
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Larry Speakes[a] Acting |
March 30, 1981 | February 1, 1987 | 5 years, 308 days | ||
 |
Marlin Fitzwater[a] | February 1, 1987 Acting: February 1, 1987 – January 20, 1989 |
January 20, 1993 | 5 years, 354 days | ||
| George H. W. Bush | ||||||
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Dee Dee Myers | January 20, 1993 | December 22, 1994 | 1 year, 336 days | Bill Clinton | |
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George Stephanopoulos[b] De facto |
January 20, 1993 | June 7, 1993 | 138 days | ||
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Mike McCurry | December 22, 1994 | August 4, 1998 | 3 years, 225 days | ||
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Joe Lockhart | August 4, 1998 | September 29, 2000 | 2 years, 56 days | ||
 |
Jake Siewert | September 30, 2000 | January 20, 2001 | 112 days | ||
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Ari Fleischer | January 20, 2001 | July 15, 2003 | 2 years, 176 days | George W. Bush | |
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Scott McClellan | July 15, 2003 | May 10, 2006 | 2 years, 299 days | ||
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Tony Snow | May 10, 2006 | September 14, 2007 | 1 year, 127 days | ||
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Dana Perino | September 14, 2007 | January 20, 2009 | 1 year, 128 days | ||
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Robert Gibbs | January 20, 2009 | February 11, 2011 | 2 years, 22 days | Barack Obama | |
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Jay Carney | February 11, 2011 | June 20, 2014 | 3 years, 129 days | ||
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Josh Earnest | June 20, 2014 | January 20, 2017 | 2 years, 214 days | ||
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Sean Spicer | January 20, 2017 | July 21, 2017[29] | 182 days | Donald Trump | |
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Sarah Huckabee Sanders | July 21, 2017[30][31] | July 1, 2019 | 1 year, 345 days | ||
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Stephanie Grisham[c] | July 1, 2019 | April 7, 2020 | 281 days | ||
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Kayleigh McEnany | April 7, 2020 | January 20, 2021 | 288 days | ||
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Jen Psaki | January 20, 2021 | May 13, 2022 | 1 year, 113 days | Joe Biden | |
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Karine Jean-Pierre | May 13, 2022 | present | 1 year, 160 days | ||