United States
| 日期 | 中文名称 | 英文名称 | 注明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1月1日 | 元旦 | New Year's Day | 庆祝公历新年的到来。 |
| 1月的第三个星期一 | 马丁·路德·金纪念日 | Martin Luther King, Jr. Day | 纪念民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金牧师的生日（1929年1月15日），1986年开始实施。 |
| 1月20日 | 就职日 | Inauguration Day | 美国总统和副总统的就职日，每四年才有一次，只有华府的联邦政府雇员，以及马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的政府雇员才可放假。 |
| 2月的第三个星期一 | 总统节 | Washington's Birthday | 纪念首任美国总统乔治华盛顿的生日（1732年2月22日），1879年国会确立。 |
| 5月的最后一个星期一 | 阵亡将士纪念日 | Memorial Day | 原为纪念在南北战争中阵亡的士兵，后扩展到纪念所有因战争牺牲的美军官兵，全国悼念时间于美东时间下午3时开始。一般为5月30日，在民间当天代表夏季正式开始。 |
| 6月19日 | 六月节 | Juneteenth | 庆祝在美国被奴役的非裔美国人获得解放。 |
| 7月4日 | 美国国庆 | Independence Day | 纪念《独立宣言》于1776年7月4日发表和美国的建立。 |
| 9月的第一个星期一 | 劳动节 | Labor Day | 向工作者表达敬意，纪念工人运动的成就。 |
| 10月的第二个星期一 | 哥伦布日 | Columbus Day | 纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布于1492年10月12日由欧洲横渡大西洋到达美洲。 |
| 11月11日 | 退伍军人节 | Veterans Day | 向退伍军人表达敬意，纪念第一次世界大战于1918年11月11日上午11点正式停战。 |
| 11月的第四个星期四 | 感恩节 | Thanksgiving Day | 庆祝秋季收获，民众一般烹调火鸡。 |
| 12月25日 | 圣诞节 | Christmas | 庆祝耶稣诞生。 |
Die staatlichen Feiertage in den USA sind für Angestellte der Bundesregierung in § 6103 von Titel 5 des United States Code geregelt.[1] In der Praxis hat es sich jedoch eingebürgert, dass diese allgemeinen gesetzlichen Feiertage in den meisten Bundesstaaten einheitlich begangen werden.[2]
Die staatlichen Feiertage sind abgesehen von Weihnachten nicht religiöser Natur, da dies gegen den 1. Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung verstoßen würde, der die Etablierung einer staatlich geförderten Religion verbietet. Weihnachten ist die einzige Ausnahme, die in das Bundesgesetz über bundesstaatliche Feiertage von 1870 aufgenommen wurde, da die Staaten es damals schon zu einem Feiertag gemacht hatten.
Viele Feiertage erinnern an Ereignisse der nationalen Geschichte oder an gesellschaftliche Themen (Veteranen, Arbeiter, …). Feiertage in den USA sind nicht generell arbeitsfrei; ob gearbeitet werden muss oder nicht, hängt von den Vereinbarungen des Arbeitsvertrags ab. Angestellte und Beamte der Bundesregierung haben an den Bundesfeiertagen frei. In den Bundesstaaten sind solche Tage für Angestellte und Beamte des jeweiligen Bundesstaats arbeitsfrei, die der Bundesstaat zum Feiertag bestimmt hat. Banken und Finanzdienstleister halten meistens die Feiertage der New York Stock Exchange ein, die von den staatlichen Feiertagen geringfügig abweichen. Einzelhandel und andere private Arbeitgeber sind nicht an diese Feiertage gebunden.
Die folgenden elf Feiertage wurden vom Kongress zu gesetzlichen Feiertagen erklärt,[1] und Bundesbehörden und Postämter sind an diesen Tagen geschlossen. Schulen und Geschäfte bleiben an den Hauptfeiertagen wie Independence Day, Thanksgiving und Christmas Day generell geschlossen, aber nicht unbedingt an Tagen wie Martin Luther King Day oder Juneteenth.
- New Year’s Day (Neujahr) – 1. Januar
- Martin Luther King Day – dritter Montag im Januar
- Washington’s Birthday (Presidents’ Day) – dritter Montag im Februar
- Memorial Day (Gedenktag) – letzter Montag im Mai
- Juneteenth National Independence Day – 19. Juni
- Independence Day (Unabhängigkeitstag) – 4. Juli
- Labor Day (Tag der Arbeit) – erster Montag im September
- Columbus Day (Kolumbus-Tag) – zweiter Montag im Oktober
- Veterans Day (Veteranentag) – 11. November
- Thanksgiving Day (Erntedankfest) – vierter Donnerstag im November
- Christmas Day (Weihnachten) – 25. Dezember
1968 verabschiedete der Kongress auf den ausdrücklichen Wunsch der Tourismusbranche den Uniform Monday Holiday Act, der mehrere gesetzliche Feiertage auf den jeweils nächsten Montag verlegte, damit Amerikaner an diesen langen Wochenenden zu Reisen angeregt würden. Fünf Feiertage wurden dadurch jedoch nicht betroffen:
- New Year’s Day (Neujahr),
- Independence Day/Unabhängigkeitstag (am 4. Juli),
- Veterans Day (am 11. November),
- Thanksgiving (am jeweils vierten Donnerstag im November) und
- Weihnachten (am 25. Dezember).
Fallen Neujahr, der Unabhängigkeitstag oder Weihnachten auf einen Sonntag, so ist der folgende Tag ebenfalls ein Feiertag. Fällt einer dieser Tage auf einen Samstag, wird der Tag davor zum Feiertag.
Most of the 11[20] U.S. federal holidays are also state holidays. Five of the "floating" date holidays always fall on a Monday, the remaining floating holiday, Thanksgiving, is always on a Thursday. The rest are on fixed dates. A fixed date holiday that falls on a weekend (Saturday and Sunday) is usually observed for federal employees on the closest weekday: a holiday falling on a Saturday is observed on the preceding Friday, while a holiday falling on a Sunday is observed on the succeeding Monday.[21] The official names come from the statute that defines holidays for federal employees.
| Date | Official Name[2] | Date established | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 1 (Fixed date) |
New Year's Day | June 28, 1870 | Celebrates the beginning of the Gregorian calendar year. Festivities include counting down to 12:00 midnight on the preceding night, New Year's Eve, often with fireworks displays and parties. The ball drop at Times Square in New York City, broadcast live on television nationwide, has become a national New Year's festivity. Serves as the traditional end of the Christmas and holiday season.[22] |
| January 15–21 (3rd Monday) |
Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. | November 2, 1983[23] | Honors Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights leader who was born on January 15, 1929. Some municipalities hold parades, and since the 1994 King Holiday and Service Act, it has become a day of citizen action volunteer service, sometimes referred to as the MLK Day of Service. The holiday is observed on the third Monday of January, and is combined with other holidays in several states. |
| February 15–21 (3rd Monday) |
Washington's Birthday | 1879 | Honors George Washington, Founding Father, commander of the Continental Army, and the first U.S. president, who was born on February 22, 1732. In 1968, the Uniform Monday Holiday Act shifted the date of the commemoration from February 22 to the third Monday in February, meaning the observed holiday never falls on Washington's actual birthday. Because of this, combined with the fact that Abraham Lincoln's birthday falls on February 12, many now refer to this holiday as "Presidents' Day" and consider it a day honoring all American presidents. The official name has never been changed.[2] |
| May 25–31 (last Monday) |
Memorial Day | 1968[24] | Honors U.S. military personnel who have fought and died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. Many municipalities hold parades with marching bands and an overall military theme, and the day marks the unofficial beginning of the summer season. The holiday is observed on the last Monday in May. |
| June 19 (Fixed date) |
Juneteenth National Independence Day | June 17, 2021 | Commemorates the emancipation of enslaved people in the United States on the anniversary of the 1865 date when emancipation was announced in Galveston, Texas. Celebratory traditions often include readings of the Emancipation Proclamation, singing traditional songs, rodeos, street fairs, family reunions, cookouts, park parties, historical reenactments, and Miss Juneteenth contests. |
| July 4 (Fixed date) |
Independence Day | 1870 (unpaid holiday for federal employees)
1938 (federal holiday) |
Celebrates the 1776 adoption of the Declaration of Independence from British rule. Parades, picnics, and cookouts are held during the day and fireworks are set off at night. On the day before this holiday, the stock market trading session ends three hours early. |
| September 1–7 (1st Monday) |
Labor Day | 1894 | Honors and recognizes the American labor movement. Over half of Americans celebrate Labor Day as the unofficial end of summer.[25] Roughly 40% of employers require some employees to work on the holiday.[26] The holiday is observed on the first Monday in September. |
| October 8–14 (2nd Monday) |
Columbus Day | 1968 | Honors Christopher Columbus, whose exploration of the Americas from 1492 to 1504 marked the beginning of large scale European immigration to the Americas. In some areas it is instead a celebration of Native Americans (Indigenous Peoples' Day). In other areas it celebrates Italian culture and heritage. The holiday is observed on the second Monday in October, and is one of two federal holidays where stock market trading is permitted. |
| November 11 (Fixed date) |
Veterans Day | 1938 | Honors all veterans of the United States armed forces. It is observed on November 11 due to its origins as Armistice Day, recalling the end of World War I on that date in 1918. Major hostilities of World War I were formally ended at 11:00, of the 11th day, of the 11th month of 1918, when the Armistice with Germany went into effect. It became Veterans Day after World War II. It is one of two federal holidays where stock market trading is permitted. |
| November 22–28 (4th Thursday) |
Thanksgiving Day | 1870 (as yearly appointed holiday) [27]
1941 (received permanent observation date)[28] |
Traditionally celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest, and commonly includes the sharing of a turkey dinner. Several large parades are broadcast on television, and football games are often held. The holiday is observed on the fourth Thursday in November. On the day after this holiday, the stock market trading session ends three hours early. |
| December 25 (Fixed date) |
Christmas Day | 1870 | The most widely celebrated holiday of the Christian year, Christmas is observed as a commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ. Commonly celebrated by Christians and some non-Christians with various religious and secular traditions. On the day before this holiday, the stock market trading session ends three hours early.[29]
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Inauguration Day, held on January 20 every four years following a quadrennial presidential election, is considered a paid holiday for federal employees in the Washington, D.C., area by the Office of Personnel Management. It is not considered a federal holiday in the United States equivalent to the eleven holidays mentioned above.[33]
Although many states recognize most or all federal holidays as state holidays, the federal government cannot enact laws to compel them to do so. States can recognize other days as state holidays that are not federal holidays. For example, the State of Texas recognizes all federal holidays except Columbus Day, and recognizes the Friday after Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, and the day after Christmas as state holidays.[34]
Texas does not follow the federal rule of closing either the Friday before, if a holiday falls on a Saturday, or the Monday after if a holiday falls on a Sunday. Offices are open on those Fridays or Mondays. Texas has "partial staffing holidays", such as March 2, which is Texas Independence Day, and "optional holidays", such as Good Friday.[34]
Private employers are not required to observe federal or state holidays, the key exception being federally-chartered banks. Some private employers, often by a union contract, pay a differential such as time-and-a-half or double-time to employees who work on some federal holidays. Employees not specifically covered by a union contract, might only receive their standard pay for working on a federal holiday, depending on the company policy.