Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科

       
German — Chinese
Art *Chinese jade art

龙冠凤纹玉饰

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渎山大玉海
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独山玉
独玉,又名独山玉,是中国四大名玉之一。因产于河南省南阳市的独山而得名。独山玉色泽鲜艳,质地细腻,透明度和光泽好,硬度高。独玉的色彩丰富、分布不均、浓淡相间,同一块玉石中常因不同的矿物组合而出现多种颜色并存的现象,是独玉的主要特色。
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大玉龙
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和阗玉 和田玉
和阗玉,又称和田玉,古名昆仑玉,原产西域莎车国、于阗国(今中国新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区),是一种软玉石品种。考古结果证明,和阗玉传入中国,为时更早,距今七千年前的仰韶文化遗址发现有和阗玉。
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翡翠
http://www.net4info.de/photos/cpg/albums/userpics/10001/Jadeit.jpg
翡翠(jadeite), 也称翡翠玉、翠玉、缅甸玉,是玉的一种。翡翠的正确定义是以硬玉矿物为主的辉石类矿物组成的纤维状集合体  。但是翡翠并不等于硬玉 
翡翠是在地质作用下形成的达到玉级的石质多晶集合体,主要由硬玉或硬玉及钠质(钠铬辉石)和钠钙质辉石(绿辉石)组成,可含有角闪石、长石、铬铁矿、褐铁矿等。 
在古代翡翠是一种生活在南方的鸟,毛色十分美丽,通常有蓝、绿、红、棕等颜色。一般这种鸟雄性的为红色,谓之“翡”,雌性的为绿色,谓之“翠”。
寸开泰撰写的《腾越乡土志》记载:“ 腾为萃数,玉工满千,制为器皿,发售滇垣各行省。上品良玉,多发往粤东、上海、闽、浙、京都。
 
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翠玉白菜

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玉玺
 
/assets/contentimages/Yu20Xi20.png
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蓝田玉

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软玉

软玉是由角闪石类矿物组成的集合体。细小的闪石矿物晶体呈纤维状交织在一起构成致密状集合体,质地细腻,韧性好。软玉主要产于中国新疆和田,故历史上又称为和田玉。中国是软玉的著名产出国之一。

软玉按颜色划为白玉,青白玉青玉黄玉碧玉墨玉糖玉等。选购软玉首先看玉质,最好的品种是羊脂白玉,它色似羊脂雪白,质似羊膏温润,而其他的品种较差。软玉从新石器时代就被用来作为器皿、装饰的雕刻以及首饰。软玉在加热至1025℃时,矿物形式会转变成透辉石。
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绿松石/turquoise
http://www.net4info.de/photos/cpg/albums/userpics/10001/Tuerkis.jpg
绿松石,又称“松石”,因形似松球色近松绿而得名。英文名Turquoise,意为土耳其石。土耳其并不产绿松石,传说古代波斯产的绿松石是经土耳其运进欧洲而得名。绿松石储备量巨大,不仅中国有,埃及伊朗美国俄罗斯智利澳大利亚秘鲁南非等都有丰厚充足的矿藏储量。《石雅》中解释说:“(绿松石)形似松球,色近松绿,故以此名”
中文名
绿松石
外文名
Turquoise
又    称
松石
颜    色
绿色,蓝色,蓝绿色,青黄色。
相对密度
2.6~2.73
解理与断口
无解理;断口为贝壳状、粒状
折射率
1.610-1.650,点测约为1.61
晶    系
三斜晶系
用    途
饰品、工艺品、民族信仰
中国主产地
湖北、安徽、内蒙、新疆
 
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岫岩玉
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